joint movements

flexion

closing a joint angle in the sagittal plane

extension

opening a joint angle in the sagittal plane

abduction

opening a joint angle in the frontal plane, taking away from the body

adduction

closing a joint angle in the frontal plane, adding to the body

medial rotation

rotating towards the midline

lateral rotation

rotating away from the midline

elevation and depression

upward / downward movement (ex: shrugging shoulders)

protraction

anterior (forward) movement

retraction

backwards movement towards posterior

horizontal extension and flexion

the medial or lateral rotation of a joint already flexed

dorsiflexion

extension of the ankle, pointing toes upwards

plantar flexion

flexion of the ankle, pointing toes downwards

eversion

movement of the foot so soles point OUTWARDS

inversion

movement of the foot so soles point INWARDS

pronation

rotation of the radioulnar joint when the palms and fingers face downwards

supination

rotation of the radioulnar joint palms and fingers face upwards

opposition and reposition

touching the thumb to fingertips and returning them to resting

circumduction

the circular movement of a joint