Functions of the cell

Plasma membrane

Protective semi-permeable outer layer

Cytoplasm

Watery medium that contains the organelles within a cell

Ribosomes

Make proteins

Nucleus

Where DNA is stored

Chromosomes

Structures where DNA are located; 23 pairs

Nuclear membrane

Surrounds the nucleus and controls what goes in and out

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)

A series of folded membrane pathways spotted with ribosomes

Ribosomes

Make new proteins and membranes the cell needs

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)

Membrane pathways with no ribosomes that form transport vesicles

Transport vesicles

In the smooth ER, used to help move materials, such as proteins and other molecules from one part of the cell to another

Golgi apparatus

Made up of saccules that package up things to be transported around the cell or that need to leave the cell, like hormones

Lysosomes

Vesicles that have digestive enzymes inside them and break down the things that the cell doesn't need and kill the bacteria that invade the body

Vacuoles

Large membranous sacs for storing

Vesicles

Small sacs used for storing

Mitochondria

Double membrane structure that breaks down ATP to give the cell energy

Cristae

Little finger projections that are folded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria