APUSH Final Study Guide

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140 Terms

1
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What officially put an end to Reconstruction?

  • Compromise of 1877

    • Rutherford B Hayes

2
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Why were presidents of the Gilded Age called the “forgotten presidents”?
  • They did not use the position of the federal government to enact any major programs or laws

  • They let big business and tycoons bring the nation forward.

3
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List the names of the “forgotten presidents”
  • Ulysses S. Grant

  • Rutherford B. Hayes

  • James A. Garfield

  • Chester A. Arthur

  • Grover Cleveland

  • Benjamin Harrison

  • Grover Cleveland

4
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Who did the courts, US Army, militias, and locals often side with during disputes between big business and workers?
  • They often sided with big business.

5
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Which ethnic group was discriminated against the most during the Gilded Age?

  • The Chinese were the most discriminated group during the Gilded Age.

    • stated in Gilded Age Notes 3

6
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What name is associated with segregation when it comes to public schools, public places, restrooms, drinking fountains, etc.?
  • Jim Crow

7
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What often split the workers during the Gilded Age from uniting?

  • Racial differences

    Language barriers

8
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Why weren’t the best men in politics?
  • MONEY

  • plutocracy was the government of that time period.

9
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What was the FIRST big business of the Gilded Age that can be compared to the game of GO?
  • Vanderbilt railroads

10
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How did this business (railroads) have a positive impact on America?
  • improved transportation

  • connected the country

11
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What was the difference between Captains of Industry and Robber Barons?
  • Captains of Industry helped their workers and donated

    • gave back money to the community.

  • Robber Barons were more selfish and didn’t care about the safety of their workers

    • swindled money.

12
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What is a monopoly?
  • When a business has full control over industry and different substances.

13
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How does capitalism relate to Social Darwinism?
  • The rich thrive and survive, while the poor die out from different causes.

14
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Government tried to outlaw trusts thanks to what Act?
  • The Sherman Anti-trust Act of 1890

15
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When employers made the workers sign oaths NOT to join a union, this was known as?
  • Yellow Dog Contract

16
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Which tycoon was a banker?
  • John Pierpont “J.P.” Morgan

17
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Which tycoon was the leader in steel?
  • Andrew Carnegie

18
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Which tycoon was the leader in oil?
  • John Davidson “J.D.” Rockefeller

19
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Who were the populists?
  • The Populist Party was a left-wing, socialist party in the late 19th century that advocated for farmers and worker’s rights.

20
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Which labor union was only for skilled workers?
  • The American Federation of Labor (AF of L) was only for skilled workers.

21
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What are PUSH and PULL factors for immigrants coming to America?
  • People were pushed away from their homes due to warfare and famine (as was the case with Ireland and Germany)

  • the new economic opportunities in the major cities and farms of America pulled people to the US. also came for religious freedom and the American Dream.

22
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Why were immigrants needed in America?
  • They were needed for work in factories; industry in America was growing at this time.

23
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What is the difference between “melting pot” and “salad bowl”
  • Melting pot = Everyone is mixed together and cultures “melt” into each other

  • Salad Bowl = Everyone is mixed together but you can still see the things that set people apart (culture)

24
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What did industry and immigration help create?
  • Urbanization

25
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What helped immigrants by providing them services and activities to adjust to American life?

  • Hull House

26
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In order to build railroads, mine coal, or dig gold, American pioneers often removed Native Americans from their land and moved them where?
  • Reservations; moved them west of the Mississippi River.

27
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Explain how Native Americans were treated by pioneers.
  • Forced Assimilation

28
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What did progressives hope to accomplish?
  • The general goals of the Progressives were improving social problems, reforming local governments, improving labor conditions, democratizing the political process, and regulating big business

29
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Who were muckrakers?
  • Investigative journalists who wrote about corruption in business and politics, hoping to bring about reform

30
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Name some of the muckrakers
  • Ida Tarbell

  • Upton Sinclair

  • Lincoln Steffens,

  • Ida B. Wells

31
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What were some of the reform efforts during the early 1900s?
  • Settlement house movement

  • women activist

  • temperance movement

  • women's suffrage

  • workplace safety

  • environmental reform

32
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How did Teddy Roosevelt become president?
  • Went into office after previous president McKinnely was assassinated

33
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What were some of Teddy’s accomplishments?
  • Big Stick Diplomacy

  • Trusting Busting

  • Roosevelt Corollary

  • leading America out of the Gilded Age unlike the Forgotten Presidents

34
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How did Teddy Roosevelt feel about businesses in America?
  • He liked them but believed that they should behave more responsibly. (Trust busting)

35
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What was the legacy of progressivism?
  • Innovating standards (higher standards for minorities) for American citizen

  • limited the role over big businesses

36
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Which U.S. President warned us against making foreign alliances and to stay isolated?
  • George Washington

37
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Name the era where stronger nations took over weaker nations
  • Imperialism

38
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What ship explosion brought the U.S. into war vs. Spain?
  • USS Maine

39
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What is yellow journalism?
  • Exaggerated stories presented by newspapers as truth

40
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What factors brought the U.S. into the Spanish-American War?

  • USS Maine

  • Yellow Journalism

  • intercepted letter

  • sympathy for revolution

  • jingoism

  • nationalism

41
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What document said that the U.S. was the international police power in the Western Hemisphere (upgrade from the Monroe Doctrine)?
  • Roosevelt Corollary

42
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What are some reasons why the U.S. imperialized other nations?
  • Power

  • spread democracy

  • spread christianity

  • economic gain

  • political gain

  • social darwinism

  • “white man burden”

43
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What are the THREE types of “diplomacy” options the U.S. had when dealing with other countries?
  • Big Stick (Roosevelt)→A strong military can help America achieve her goals

  • Moral (Wilson)→Human rights>>Conquering territory

  • Dollar (Taft)→Economic influence can help America achieve her goal

44
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How did the U.S. acquire the Panama Canal and what were its benefits?
  • Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

  • Benefits included introduction of new healthcare technologies, made it easier to travel internationally.

45
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Which two countries started WWI?
  • Austria-Hungary and Serbia

46
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When and Why did the US enter WWI?
  • Sinking of the Luisitainia 1917

47
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What is trench warfare?
  • Fighting in trenches

48
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Who was the President during WWI?
  • Woodrow Wilson

49
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Know the THREE I’s
  • Isolationism

  • Interventionism

  • Internationalism

50
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What was the Selective Service Act?
  • The draft during WWI where men between 18 and 45 were required to register for war

51
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What was the purpose of the League of Nations?
  • To prevent a worldwide conflict like WWI from happening again

  • Didn’t work

52
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What is the legacy of WWI?
  • Stopped progress

  • Entire populations were affected

  • Increased Govt. over the lives of the people,

  • End of old empires and creation of new ones,

  • Social changes to the U.S, Women and Black people

53
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What were the 1920’s often referred to as?
  • Roaring 20s

54
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How were most people able to buy all the great inventions and products of the twenties?
  • Credit / Installment Plans

55
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What were some major events that happened during the twenties?
  • Women could vote (1919)

  • Red Scare

  • Race Riots

  • Great Migration

56
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Young women who defied traditional standards of female behavior were known as?
  • Flapper

57
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The Scopes Trial reflected a division between which TWO groups?
  • Fundamentalists and Modernists

58
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What impact did prohibition have on America?
  • Higher crime rate associated with the transport of illegal alcohol

  • the rise of speakeasies and bootleggers and gangs

59
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Which President do most people blame for the Great Depression?
  • Herbert Hoover

60
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While there are many causes of the Great Depression, what set off the Great Depression?
  • The stock market crash (Black Thursday + Tuesday)

61
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What is the difference between a BULL and BEAR movement?
  • Bull = Stock prices go up

  • Bear = Stock prices go down

62
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What impact did tariffs have in causing the Great Depression?
  • Big businesses raised their tariffs which caused Europe to raise their tariffs which ultimately ruined America's economy due to the restriction on international trade

  • resources were harder to get.

63
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How did the Great Depression affect banks, businesses, and individuals?
  • Drove many into debt and poverty, starving, and without jobs.

64
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How high did the unemployment rate get at the height of the Great Depression?
  • 24.9%

65
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What are shantytowns?
  • Neighborhoods with houses made of scrap lumber and packing boxes, aka Hoovervilles

66
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What was the name for Hoover’s economic recovery that stressed individual effort and not government assistance?
  • Rugged Individualism

67
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Which region of the U.S. did the dust bowl affect?
  • western third of Kansas, southeastern Colorado, the Oklahoma Panhandle, the northern two-thirds of the Texas Panhandle, and northeastern New Mexico (Great Plains + Mid West)

68
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What was the name for the economic programs designed to help America get out of the Depression?
  • New Deal

69
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What are the three R’s?
  • Relief

  • Recovery

  • Reform

70
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What were FDR’s radio talks called, in which he eased the concerns of the American people?
  • Fireside Chats

71
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FDR’s reforms owed much to the legacy of what earlier time period?
  • Progressive Era

72
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What are some reasons for why people were against the New Deal?
  • Gave too much power to the government and hurt the economy.

73
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What are some lessons learned from the Great Depression?
  • Don’t trust the stock market or rely on it

74
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What is the policy of granting concessions to a potential enemy in hope that it will maintain peace?
  • Appeasement

75
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Germany controlled all of Europe EXCEPT for which TWO countries?
  • Great Britain and Switzerland

76
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Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
  • To prevent the United States Pacific Fleet from interfering with its military actions in Southeast Asia.

77
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Why were Japanese Americans placed in internment camps?
  • To stop Japanese espionage

  • Americans thought the Japanese were spying on them and relaying information back to Japan, leading up to internment camps.

78
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Which atrocity happened in the Philippines (75,000 Allied soldiers were forced to walk 63 miles)?
  • Bataan Death March

79
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What country did the D-Day beach landings happen in?

  • France

80
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What was the U.S. war strategy against Germany?
  • Guerilla Warfare

81
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What was the Manhattan Project?
  • A secret research project to produce the first nuclear weapons

82
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What ultimately ended the war against Japan?
  • The atomic bombs dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima

83
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What officially brought America out of the Great Depression?
  • A combo of the New Deal and war economy from WWII

84
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What allowed WWII veterans to start businesses, purchase homes, and go to college?
  • GI Bill

85
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The competition between the United States and Soviet Union was known as the?
  • Cold War

86
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What impact did the Marshall Plan have on Europe?
  • Certain European countries were provided aid from US to secure them from the spread of communism

  • US influence in those countries

87
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What was life like during the 1950s?
  • There was a large economic boom due to WWII, but there were also a lot of nuclear concerns (Nuclear Fear)

  • On top of that, people had to deal with conformity, nuclear families, etc.

88
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What was the “space race” and who was involved?
  • A span of time for countries to race for atmospheric control

  • the United States vs. USSR

89
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What is MAD?
  • Mutually Assured Destruction

90
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Who were some people affected by communism?
  • Alger Hiss, Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

91
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What decade is most similar to the 50s because of its good economic times?
  • Roaring 20s

92
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How did the baby boom impact the 50s?
  • Social: Due to conformity and the end of WWII, many families began to have families, primarily children

  • Economic: pushed for the construction and lower prices for housing, producing more quantity than quality

93
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What was the music of the 50s?
  • Rock ‘n’ Roll

94
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What does the policy of “containment” say?
  • This policy was to keep societal ideals to maintain in one country, and not invade other ones to enact more of that ideal.

  • NO communism

95
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What major events happened during the Korean War?
  • North Korea Invaded South Korea June 24, 1950

  • U.S. troops invade at Inchon

  • Pyongyang falls to the UN forces

  • Armistice between North and South Korea March 1953

96
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What did the court say regarding Brown v. Board of Education?
  • It was unconstitutional to separate schools based on race, so schools became integrated

  • “separate but equal is inherently unequal”

97
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How did the philosophy of MLK differ from Malcolm X?
  • MLK wanted to live in a society where all races can live together and free

  • Malcolm X wanted to keep races separated for their survival.

98
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In an effort to detect communists within the federal govt, President Truman established the?

  • Housing Un-American Activities Committee (or Loyalty Review Board, check later)

99
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Why did the U.S. join NATO?
  • To provide security against the Soviet Union so communism couldn’t take over Europe

100
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Know some information about Israel/Palestine
  • Israel was a safe haven for Jewish people since they were driven out of countries and had no homeland of their own so they were introduced back to their original homeland, Israel.

  • Palestinians are the Arabs who are living alongside the Jewish people in the same country; conflict between them because they want the land to themselves because they’ve been living there longer than the current jewish immigrants.