Class. of SSD Week 3

two groups of classification:

• organically based (etiology or cause)

• disorders of no known cause

what are organically based ssds - major structural variations

• congenital (present at birth, ms congeniality)

  • cleft lip

  • cleft palate

• acquired (not present at birth, gotten)

  • trauma

  • surgery

Cleft lip facts

• partial or full

• unilateral or bilateral

• can result in short lip/immobile lip

• DOES NOT INCREASE CHANCE OF HAVING SSD

Cleft palate facts

• partial or full

• unilateral or bilateral

• hard to build up pressure for alveolar stops (t, d)

• DOES INCREASE CHANCES OF HAVING SSD

two variations of the speech mech

• lips

  • prevent lip rounding/articulation

  • most minor variations do not impact speech production

• teeth

  • malocclusions can affect speech production sometimes

  • class l normal

  • class ll overbite

  • class lll underbite

• in general, dentition, dental arch shape, missing teeth are not signif factors for kids speech sound productions but can contribute to kids misarticulations

what is ankyloglossia?

• tongue tie

• severe cases can impact speech sound production

• short frenums (attaches tongue to floor) - most children with this will have normal artic or get speech therapy

what is macroglossia?

• englarged tongue

• will cause speech sound production errors

what does the soft palate do in regards to SSD?

• focuses on closure of the velopharyngeal port

  • valving or closure to separate nasal cavity to the oral cavity

  • prevents air from escaping through the nose to sound nasaly (liquids, glides, vowels)

what can happen in the nasopharynx?

• focuses on enlarged tonsils and adenoids

  • upper pharyngeal area

• too enlarged obstruct airway (emma)

fragile X?

• characs similar to autism

• protein dificiencies

• affects boys more than girls bc attacks X chromosome, and girls have 2

• cog impairment and poor intelligibility

two types of hearing loss:

• conductive

  • related to middle ear, eustachian tube dysfunction

  • can be temp or permanent, fluctuates

• sensorineural

  • related to inner ear or cochlea malfunction

  • typically permanent

Factors of dysarthria?

• motor speech impairment

• slow, weak, uncoordinated movements

• caused by injuries to nervous system, lesions/trauma to the brain, inflammatory processes (interrupts neurological pathways for speech)

• reduced intelligibility

• respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody disturbances

What is apraxia?

Childhood Apraxia of Speech?

• impairment of motor speech disorder with little or no weakness, paralysis, or incoord. of musculature

• caused by brain damage

• primarily affects artic abilities but also contains prosodic disruptions

• errors can be inconsistent (fine, then not fine)

• message from brain to mouth is slow, thinking does not. match what comes out

• not caused by brain damage

• developmental prob

what is otitis media?

• episodes of ear infections, can result in delay in speech sound devel

• liquid blocks transmission of sound

• mild to temp hearing loss

• hard to determine amount of hearing fluctuations

why is speech sound perception important for children?

• make assoc btw speech sounds and word meaning

• make assoc btw the sounds made and movement in the vocal tract

• make assoc btw the sounds made and meaningful units of the language

• adapt productions to changes in the vocal tract

30-40% of children with speech sound disorders may also have speech perception difficulties. T/F

T

Relation between speech sound production and motoric abilities is unclear. T/F

T

what is tongue thrust?

• tongue moving forward at start of swallow, can rest on or btw teeth at rest (Alex)

• tongue moves unnecessarily btw or against the front teeth during speech

• tongue lays on or btw anterior teeth during rest

• need to identify this to prevent SSD

Intelligence is strongly associated with SSDs. T/F

F, it is not

which two specific components of language have been shown to influence phonology? cog ling factors

• syntax and morphology

• synergistic relationship

academic difficulties for kids with ssd?

• reading

• spelling

• phonological awareness (recognizing phoneme sounds)

what are the two psychosocial factors?

• age (maturation is partly responsible for decline in ssd)

• gender (girls learn age approp speech production faster than boys)

there is a strong correlation btw ses and ssd. T/F

F, there is not a strong connection