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List the methods of collection. (7)
Swabs
Fine Needle Biopsy
Tissue Biopsy
Imprints
Centesis
Scrapings
Smears
What is the purpose of a swab collection?
collects superficial cells and bacteria
Collects cells that are delicate in nature
Sites for Swab Collection
Body Cavities (Nasal/Vaginal)
Fistulous Tracts
What materials do you need for swab collection?
Cotton swaps
Sterile if performing culture
0.9% isotonic saline
Microscope slides
How should you transfer the cells on a swab to a slide?
Roll do not rub
Why should you avoid collecting mucopurulent discharge for swabs?
It is full of dead cells, yeast, and bacteria that is not usually the causative agent
What is the purpose of fine needle biopsy?
collects cells within the target area
Avoids surface contaminants
Sites for Fine Needle Biopsy
masses
Lymph nodes
Organs
Nodular lesions
What materials are needed for fine needle biopsy?
Surgical Prep Material
3-12 cc syringe
21-25 gauge needle
Microscope slides
What needle size should you use for a soft mass?
Smaller gauge needle
Purpose of Tissue Biopsy
Collect a small section of tissue rather than individual cells
cytological or histological evaluation
Wedge Tissue Biopsy
Uses a scalpel blade to excise a small tissue piece that includes three areas: from lesion, transitional tissue, normal tissue
Punch Tissue Biopsy
Circular blade attached to a handle that excises tissue with gentle rotation
Sites for Tissue Biopsy
Superficial Locations: Skin/Masses
Internal Organs (Ultrasound guided)
Intestinal Biopsies (endoscope guided)
Sites for Imprints
directly from skin or superficial lesion
Tissues / cells removed via biopsies
Sites for Centesis
Peritoneal fluid (abdominocentesis)
Pleural fluid (Thoracocentesis)
Urine (cystocentesis)
Joint fluid (arthrocentesis)
Cerebrospinofluid (Cisternal Puncture)
Purpose of Scraping
Collect superficial cells of the skin and diagnose mites
What gauge scalpel blade is used in scrapings?
10
When is a feather smear ideal?
Highly cellular samples
When is a line smear ideal?
Low cellular samples
When is the compression method for smears ideal?
When cellular clumps are anticipated
When is the Modified Squash smear method ideal?
Reduces chance of cellular rupture
When is the starfish smear method ideal?
Gently spreads samples onto slide
When is Romanowsky Stain (diff quick and Wrights) good to use?
Determination of inflammation or neoplasia
When is New Methylene Blue stain useful?
Samples with high amounts of blood contamination
What is the purpose of ear cytology?
Diagnose:
Otodectes Cyanotis
Malassezia Organisms
Bacterial Infections
Inflammatory responses
Where will the sample give the best representation for ear cytology?
Where the vertical and horizontal ear canal meet
What should you label the slide with for an ear cytology?
Indicate which ear it came from (AD/AS)
What do you stain ear slides with? When don’t you use stain?
Diff Quick
UNLESS mites are suspected