ANSC 108 Exam #2

Predominant southwestern range ewe breed?

Rambouillet

Leading U.S. state for mohair production?

Texas

Leading lamb feeding state?

Colorado

Leading meat goat states?

Texas, Tennessee, and California

Leading dairy goat state?

California

Breeding season for sheep?

Fall

Estrous cycle of a ewe?

17 days

Gestation length for a ewe/doe?

150 days

At what age do sheep and goats have a full mouth?

4 years

Soremouth

Viral and zoonotic

What does weaning weight indicate?

Lamb’s own growth genetics and dam’s milking ability

Lanolin

Oil from sheep’s skin found in wool

Crimp?

Natural waviness of wool fibers

Steer.

Castrated male bovine

Feedlot

Cattle are in confinement, fed harvested concentrate, and are fattened for slaughter

What is a stocker operation?

Grows weaned calves before feedlot. Fed high roughage diets

Top 3 beef-producing countries?

Brazil, India, USA

Texas is #1 in the nation for:

Total Cattle

Ranches

Beef cows

Feedlot Cattle

Gestation length in cattle?

~283 days

Estrous cycle length in cattle?

~21 days

Length of estrus in cattle?

18 hours

Top two cow/calf operations?

Deseret Cattle & Citrus, Fl

J.R. Simplot Co., ID

Top 3 states for cattle on feed?

Texas, Kansas, Colorado?

What is the Check-off fund?

Producers pay $1 per head of cattle for the advertisement of beef, beef research, and overall beef promotion

Why castrate male calves?

-More docile

-Less restless

-Less fighting-

-Steers produce carcasses with a finer texture of lean and more marbeling

-Fatten quicker

What is a Burdizzo?

Bloodless castrating tool that crushes the spermatic cord without breaking skin

Scrotal circumference correlates with?

Sperm production and fertility

Acceptable scrotal circumference in yearling bulls?

30 cm or greater

Large scrotal circumference is correlated with

Earlier puberty in daughters

Adjustments for weaning weight?

Age of dam and sex of calf

When does maximum milk production occur in cows?

5–10 years of age

Factors determining frame score?

Hip height

Define EPD.

Expected Progeny Difference

Which EPD impacts dystocia?

Birth Weight EPD

Which EPD relates to feedlot performance?

Yearling Weight EPDs

Define farrowing crate.

Pen that confines sow to protect piglets during and after farrowing

1 country in swine production?

China

Top swine-producing U.S. states?

Iowa, Minnesota, North Carolina, Illiniois, Indiana

Define barrow and sow.

Barrow = castrated male; Sow = mature female after farrowing

Gestation length of a sow?

114 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)

Why is the Texas Panhandle good for swine?

Environmental soundness, water availability, feedstuffs, remote locations, trainable workforce

Stage swine stay in longest?

Growing–finishing

Ideal market weight for swine?

250–265 lb

Terminal Crossbreeding system?

All offspring go to market; no replacement females kept

Rotational Crossbreeding pros/cons?

Pros:

• Maintains a high level of heterosis (hybrid vigor)

• Allows for replacement females to be kept within the herd (no need to buy new gilts)

Cons:

• Lower heterosis compared to terminal crossbreeding (not 100%)

• Reduction in carcass merit and growth potential due to emphasis on maternal traits

Why use crossbreeding systems?

Hybrid vigor (heterosis) and increased genetic diversity

All-in All-out.

Completely empties the barn between group of hogs and allows for cleaning, disinfection, and better disease control

Highest production cost in swine?

Feed

Main protein source in swine diet?

Soybean meal

Six steps of baby pig processing?

clip needle teeth, give iron injection, cut navel cord, dock the tails, ear notch, castrate males

How to read ear notches?

Right ear = litter; Left ear = pig number

Factors for SPI (sow productivity index)

Number born alive + 21-day litter weight

Minimum teats per side?

6

Underline problems in swine?

Inadequete number and poor spacing of teats and pin, inverted, or blunt nipples

Base width vs muscling?

Wider base = more muscle

What happens as animals fatten?

Body becomes smoother and develops a wider flatter shape to their topline

Yield grades determine?

Cutability (percent retail cuts)

Yield grades in cattle predict what?

Round, loin, chuck and rib

What does REA stand for?

Ribeye Area

Less fat means what numerical Yield Grade?

Lower

Average dressing % cattle?

60%

Average dressing % sheep?

50%

Average dressing % swine?

70%

Factors affecting dressing %?

Amount of fill, degree of finish, weight of hide, head, and shanks, muscling, and mud

Where to evaluate muscle on lambs?

Forearm, shoulder, rack, loin, and leg

Factors influencing cattle Quality Grade?

Maturity and marbling

Define wether.

Castrated male sheep or goat

Equation for lamb yield grade?

Adjusted fat thickness over the 12th rid. YG = 0.4 + (10 × fat thickness)

Fat evaluation points on hogs?

Jowl, behind the shoulder, over the top, rear and fore flanks, and underline

Why swine have highest dressing %?

Monogastric, keep skin on

LEA stands for?

Loin Eye Area. (muscle score x live weight/100) + 0.5

Muscle score range in hogs?

1 (thin) to 3 (thick)