Describe and evaluate the equity theory of romantic relationships

1)Equity vs SET

Hatfield et al: Unlike Social Exchange Theory (SET), Equity Theory argues couples aim for fairness in relationships—not just profit.

2)Fairness = equal profit

Equity means both partners’ rewards minus costs should be roughly equal — that’s the ‘fair’ formula leading to satisfaction.

3) Inequity = dissatisfaction

Whether over-benefitting or under-benefitting, inequity causes distress. The greater the inequity, the greater the dissatisfaction.

4) Under-benefitting effects

Partner feels they give more than they receive — leads to feelings of anger, resentment, and sadness.

5) Over-benefitting effects

Partner feels they receive more than they give — may feel guilt, shame, or discomfort. Still causes dissatisfaction.

6) Equity ≠ equality

It’s about balance, not being identical. Perceptions of equity change over time — what feels unfair now may seem fine later.

✅Support – Stafford & Canary

200+ married couples: those who saw relationships as fair were most satisfied. Supports the idea that fairness = happiness.

❌Contradiction – Berg & McQuinn

Found no increase in equity over time. Instead, self-disclosure predicted longevity — challenges core claim of equity theory

❌Cultural bias – Aumer-Ryan

Western couples valued equity more than collectivist ones. In some cultures, over-benefitting brought more satisfaction — theory isn’t universal.

✅Support – Ute et al

118 married couples rated equity and satisfaction. Strong correlation — supports importance of fairness in romantic relationships.