Lecture 9 1-15 Shoulder, Rotator Cuff, Pectoral Region, and Breast

Comprehensive practice questions covering muscle attachments, innervations, actions, and clinical correlates from the lecture on the Shoulder, Rotator Cuff, Pectoral Region, and Breast.

According to the lecture, what is the total degree of full shoulder abduction and how is it divided in the scapulohumeral rhythm?

Full abduction is $180^\text{o}$, consisting of approximately $120^\text{o}$ from glenohumeral motion and $60^\text{o}$ from scapular upward rotation.

Which ligament closes the suprascapular notch to form the suprascapular foramen?

Superior transverse scapular ligament

What are the four muscles categorized as anterior axioappendicular (pectoral) muscles?

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, and subclavius.

What is the innervation and primary action of the serratus anterior?

Innervation: Long thoracic n.; Main action: Protracts scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall.

Where does the pectoralis major (both heads) distally attach?

Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus.

For this course, which nerve innervates the pectoralis minor?

Medial pectoral n.

What clinical condition results from a long thoracic nerve injury and serratus anterior paralysis?

Winged scapula, where the medial border and inferior angle of the scapula pull away from the thoracic wall.

How many mammary gland lobules are typically described in the breast anatomy transcript?

$10$-$15$ gland lobules.

What is the name of the space located between the breast and the pectoral fascia?

Retromammary bursa (or retromammary space).

Which breast structures attach the mammary gland tissue to the dermis and were featured in the professor's fill-in-the-blank example?

Suspensory ligaments.

Describe the lymphatic drainage pattern of the medial and lateral halves of the breast.

The medial half drains to parasternal lymph nodes; the lateral half drains to axillary lymph nodes.

Which muscles are classified as superficial posterior extrinsic shoulder muscles?

Trapezius and latissimus dorsi.

What is the motor innervation for the trapezius muscle?

Spinal accessory n. (CN XI).

Where does the latissimus dorsi distally attach?

Floor of the intertubercular sulcus.

Which nerve innervates the levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major?

Dorsal scapular n.

What is the definition of scapular upward rotation?

The glenoid faces more superiorly and the inferior angle moves laterally; it is necessary for overhead elevation.

Which movements describe the scapula gliding laterally and medially on the ribs?

Protraction (lateral gliding) and Retraction (medial gliding).

What structure runs through the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus?

Long head of biceps brachii tendon.