Exam 4(correct)

What was the first stage of the process that led to the abiotic origin of life?

abiotic synthesis of monomers, such as amino acids and nucleotides

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-

6). A "O" indicates the ancestral condition, and a "1" indicates the derived condition. Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

4 and 5

According to the biological species concept, two groups of organisms that are unable to form fertile, viable hybrids are considered to be different

Species

Viruses are not considered living.

True

The theory of evolution is backed by many lines of support and collected data around the world by different scientists yet some individuals still have issue with the idea of the theory of evolution because they do not understand how science works. Specifically - as covered in chapter one and module one - a theory is a statement based upon fact and collected data and not opinion and these maintain theory status until data proves it to be false which to date has not happened.

True

Prezygotic isolating mechanisms include hybrid sterility.

False

Can a virus be killed?

No viruses are not living and cannot die

Life apparently originated on Earth about

3.5 billion years ago

If the label on a slide reads Gram-positive bacillus, what would a students expect to see?

Purple and rod shaped cells

What kind of pathogen would retain its ability to cause infectionsafter being treated with powerful proteolytic chemicals that would destroy all

proteinaceous material?

Viroid

Phages are viruses that can infect

Bacteria

The prokaryotic DNA is located in the

Nucleoid region

Eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria and chloroplasts by

Endosymbiosis

The hundreds of species of Drosophila in Hawaii exhibit different mating rituals.

This isolating mechanism is

Prezygotic and behavioral

According to the biological species concept, two groups of organisms that are unable to form fertile, viable hybrids are considered to be different

Species

DNA replication and gene expression in archaeans more closely resemble eukaryotic cells than the same processes in bacteria. However both Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotic. What does this suggest?

Eukaryotic cells sharea more recent common ancestor with Archaeans than

with bacterial cells.

It has been discovered that enzyme-like catalysis can be carried out not only by enzymes but also by

RNA

The genetic preservation of the features that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction of some individuals within a population is called the process of

Natural selection

The age of the Earth according to modern estimations is about

4.6 billion years

The concept of endosymbiosis is widely accepted. What kind of relationship is it?

Both organisms in the partnership benefit

Based on the phylogeny shown, we can conclude that species 2 is most closely related to species

3

One way in which retroviruses differ from all other types of viruses is that retroviruses

Have the enzyme, reverse transcriptase

Which of the following was demonstrated by the Miller-Urey experiment?

Organic molecules important to life could have been formed from a vast array of simple chemicals.

When species are kept leparate by preventing the formation of hybrid zygotes, the mechanism that keeps the species separate is known asa isolating mechanism.

Prezygotic

Which isolating mechanism is postzygotic?

Hybrid sterility

Choose the true statement about the morphological data in the chart shown below. The "1" in the box means the trait is present and the "O" indicates that the trait is absent.(Note: All of the characteristics across the top of the columns are considered "TRAITS" for purposes of reading the chart.).

The lamprey is the only outgroup since it has none of the derived characteristics.

Based on the phylogeny shown, the outgroup would be species

1

Two principal organelles in eukaryotes that were apparently derived from different types of bacteria are the

Mitochondria and chloroplasts