Psychiatric Theories, Therapies, and Groups

Practice flashcards covering psychiatric theories, therapeutic models, nursing applications, and group therapy principles based on the lecture notes.

What are the three components of personality structure in Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory and their primary functions?

Id (operates on the pleasure principle, reflex action, and primary process), Ego (problem solver, reality tester, reality principle, and balancing force between Id and Superego), and Superego (moral component reflecting moral and ethical concepts and values).

What are the three levels of awareness defined in Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory?

Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious.

According to Freud's theory, how do defense mechanisms function?

They develop from anxiety, operate on an unconscious level, and deny, falsify, or distort reality to make it less threatening.

What two key concepts describe interpersonal dynamics between client and nurse in Freudian therapy?

Transference and Countertransference.

What two foundational concepts define Erikson's Eight Stages of Development?

Personality continues to develop through old age, and failures at one stage can be rectified at another stage.

What is the developmental conflict associated with the Infant stage in Erikson's theory?

Trust vs. Mistrust.

What is the developmental conflict associated with the Toddler stage in Erikson's theory?

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt.

What is the developmental conflict associated with the Preschooler stage in Erikson's theory?

Initiative vs. Guilt.

What is the developmental conflict associated with the School-Age Child stage in Erikson's theory?

Industry vs. Inferiority.

What is the developmental conflict associated with the Adolescent stage in Erikson's theory?

Identity vs. Role Confusion.

What is the developmental conflict associated with the Young Adult stage in Erikson's theory?

Intimacy vs. Isolation.

What is the developmental conflict associated with the Middle-Age Adult stage in Erikson's theory?

Generativity vs. Stagnation.

What is the developmental conflict associated with the Older Adult stage in Erikson's theory?

Integrity vs. Despair.

What are the main principles of Harry Stack Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory?

Early interpersonal relationships are crucial for personality development, anxiety is an interpersonal phenomenon, and all behavior is aimed at avoiding anxiety and threats to self-esteem.

What role does the therapist play in Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)?

The therapist acts as a participant observer.

How does Hildegard Peplau distinguish between the Art of Nursing and the Science of Nursing?

The Art of Nursing provides care, compassion, advocacy, and enhances comfort and well-being. The Science of Nursing applies knowledge to understand human problems and psychosocial phenomena, relieve suffering, and promote growth.

Which behavioral therapy techniques are highlighted for altering targeted behaviors in nursing?

Systematic desensitization, aversion therapy, and biofeedback.

Who developed Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy (REBT), and what is its core premise?

Albert Ellis; beliefs about events are the most direct cause of actions and feelings, so therapy focuses on refuting irrational beliefs.

What does each letter represent in Albert Ellis's ABCD Approach?

A = Antecedent/activating event, B = Belief about the event, C = Consequence of belief, and D = Refute the false/irrational belief.

Who developed Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and what is its primary focus?

Aaron Beck; testing distorted beliefs, changing ways of thinking, and reducing symptoms.

According to the comparative therapy overview, what is the treatment focus and therapist role in Psychodynamic Therapy?

Treatment focus: unresolved past relationships and core conflicts. Therapist role: significant other / transference object.

According to the comparative therapy overview, what is the treatment focus and length of Interpersonal Therapy?

Treatment focus: current interpersonal relationships and social supports. Length of therapy: short term (12-20 sessions).

According to the comparative therapy overview, what is the therapist role and typical duration of Behavioral Therapy?

Therapist role: active, directive teacher. Length of therapy: varies, typically fewer than 10 sessions.

What are the five levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in order from lowest to highest?

Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love and belonging, Esteem, and Self-actualization.

What core developmental areas do Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg address, respectively?

Piaget addresses cognitive development, while Kohlberg addresses moral development.

What is the central concept of the Biopsychosocial Perspective (Biological Model) regarding psychopathology?

Psychopathology results from a physiologic condition, primarily a deviation in the Central Nervous System (CNS), involving complex interactions among genetics, temperament, development, brain circuitry, molecular biology, and environment.

What is Milieu Therapy?

A therapy approach using the total environment—including people, setting, structure, and emotional climate—to support healing.

What three group leadership styles are described in the lecture?

Autocratic leader, Democratic leader, and Laissez-faire leader.

What are Yalom's Curative Factors of Group Membership?

Altruism, Cohesiveness, Interpersonal Learning, Guidance, Catharsis, Identification, Family Reenactment, Self-Understanding, Instillation of Hope, Universality, and Existential Factors.

Which group types can be led by a Basic Level Registered Nurse, and who leads self-help groups?

A Basic Level RN can lead psychoeducational, medication education, health education, symptom-management, stress-management, and support/self-help groups. Self-help groups are usually led by lay members with the same issue/problem.

According to Freud's Mental Iceberg diagram, what mental contents exist at the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels?

Conscious Level: Thoughts and Perceptions. Preconscious Level: Memories and Stored Knowledge. Unconscious Level: Fears, Unacceptable Sexual Desires, Violent Motives, Irrational Wishes, Immoral Urges, Selfish Needs, and Shameful Experiences.

What are the five tiers of human needs shown in this diagram of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

Self-actualization (desire to become the most that one can be), Esteem (respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom), Love and belonging (friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection), Safety needs (personal security, employment, resources, health, property), and Physiological needs (air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction).