FINAL AP HUG unit 3

Culture

group of belief system , norms or beliefs followed by a group of people

Nation

culture

Culture can be recognised by them or others but

nation can’t be just recognised by them.

Folk culture

small homogenous groups (rural mostly)

Popular culture

large heterogeneous groups, spreads more, urban

Local culture

people from one place who consider themself as culture, protect traits and distinguish themselves from others.

material culture

cultures’s things like art, food, house, etc

Nonmeterial culture

beliefs, practices, aesthetics of the culture

Hearth

where a culture starts from

Assimilation

the process of adopting the culture of a larger group making them similar to that group

Cultural appropriation

changing culture into what we want

Commodification

a product is now bought and sold, (cultural)

Authenticity

how real or fake it is

Distance decay

diffusion decreases as time and distance increases

Time space compression

the likelihood of diffusion depends on connectedness (communication and transportation)

When popular culture spreads, what is lost

local culture

Cultural landscape

visible human imprint on a landscape

Placelessness

loss of uniqueness of a place

Global local continuum

one scale affects other (global affects local and is affected by local (a little less thou))

Glocalization

local alters global or regional.

Identity

how we make sense of ourselves

Identifying against

saying we are not the “other”

Race

minor genetic differences (mostly assigned)

Racism

discrimination toward a race

Residential segregation

how much two groups live separately

5 measures of segregation

evenness, exposure, concentrated, centralized, clustered

Succession

as old immigrants move, new immigrants settle there

Ethnicity

people are bound in certain place over time

Mexicali

southmost of california, full of chinese and hispanic

Gendered places

meant for particular gender

Queer theory

LGBTQ+

Vulnerable population

women or low caste people

Women in subsaharan africa

they produce 70% food but men trade and get money. In Uganda the leader was affirmative action for women and Rwanda is the first country with 50% women population in legislative seats because men died in war.

Dowry deaths

bride family pays groom family but this fight extremes to kills and deaths. Now these are illegal.

Barriozation

more hispanic population

Language

set of sounds used to communicate

1993 Quebec

banned foreign words in the place

Mutual intelligibility

when people understand each other

Isogloss

region where some dialect is there like southern accent

Proto indo european languages

fist major linguistic

Backward reconstruction

going backward for origin

Extinct language

no more speakers

Deep reconstruction

recreating language

Language divergence

language spreads into two or more

Language convergence

two language merge into one

Conquest theory

Proto indo european speakers went from east to west on horseback spreading the language

Alternative agricultural theory

Europeans spread Proto indo european languages through agriculture.

Dispersal hypothesis

poses that Indo

English is in what subfamily

germanic

There is a high correlation between what in Europe

language and politics

Nigeria speaks how many languages

more than 500

What is Nigeria's official language

English

Lingua franca

same language spoken between two people to understand (normally this is English)

Pidgin language

when two or more languages join together informally and just for speaking

Creole language

a pidgin language which gets more complex and officially a language

Monolingual states

where everyone speaks the same language (Japan)

Multilingual states

more than one language (India, Canada)

Naming a place

toponym

Postcolonial toponyms

changed after new independence, to show their independence

Post revolution toponyms

after revolution

Memorial toponyms

changing place name to honor someone

Religion

system of beliefs and practices

Monotheistic

one god

Polytheistic

many gods

Animalistic religions

see animals and spirits as gods

Universal religions

convert more, spread more

Ethnic

does not convert, just people who are born in it

Hinduism

oldest, near indus valley, gangas, polytheistic, karma and caste system

Sikism

from hinduism, no caste system

Buddhism

from hinduism, siddartha, calm, enlightenment

Shintoism

Japan, nature and ancestor worship

Taoism

lao tau worship

Confucianism

confucius, confucian classics

Judaism

teaching of Abraham

Christianity

Jesus, spilt from Judaism, eastern orthodox and roman catholic and protestant

Islam

muhammad, Quran, shite and sunni, 5 principals (repeated worship, frequent prayer, fasting, give to poor, go to mecca)

Diffusion of Islam

kings used armies in the Arabian peninsula, trade.

Isogloss in africa

north is islam, south is christianity

Europe religion

less religion, more education,

Places of worship

hinduism (temples, shrines), buddhism (the Bodhi tree, strupus), christianity (church, burial places), islam (mosque, mecca)

Religion wars

israel palestien

Religion fight in nigeria

muslim north and christianity south

Northern ireland religion fight

catholics and protestants

Religious fundamentalism

strict rule followers

Religious extremism

following to the extent of violence