GE115 PURCOM PRELIMS

Pearson, et al. (2011)

Communication is the process of using messages to generate meaning

Ober and Newman (2013)

Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages sometimes through spoken or written words, and sometimes nonverbally through facial expressions, gestures, and voice qualities

Jimenez and Alparo (2000)

Communication is a process of sharing, opinions and information ideas and feelings

Wood (2012)

Communication is a systemic process in which people interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings

Baron (2011)

in its simplest form, communication is the transmission of a message from a source to a receiver

Palta (2007)

Communication is the process of sending information to oneself or another entity, usually via language

Four key terms in communication

Process, systems, symbols, and meanings (Wood, 2012)

Process

It implies continuity. In the context of communication, one never stops from communicating as it is an ongoing activity

System

Wood defined it as interrelated parts that affect one another.

Symbols

It is represented by language. When people communicate, they rely on it.

Meanings

It can be viewed as an “end” in itself. it also refers to the understanding of the message

Two Levels of Meaning

Content level and Relationship level

Content Level

It refers to the literal meaning of the message. It is parallel to the “denotative meaning” of the message.

Relationship Level

It expresses the relationship between communicators. This can be the “connotative meaning” of a message.

Elements of Communication

People, message, channel, feedback, code, encoding and decoding, noise or barrier.

People

They are the ones who are involved in the communication process assume two roles—both as sources and receivers of the message

Message

These are the verbal and nonverbal form of the idea, thought, or feeling that one intends to communicate to another person or group of people

Channel

Refers to the means (medium) with which the message is delivered

Feedback

It is the receivers verbal and non-verbal response to the source’s message

Code

It is a systematic arrangement of symbols, used to create meanings in the mind of another person/s

Encoding and Decoding

It is the process of translating ideas and the process of assigning meaning to an idea or a thought

Noise or Barrier

It refers to any interference in the encoding and decoding process

Communication Process

Linear model, Interactive model, Transactional model

Linear Model

One-way process. Also called the transmission model, it is transmitted in a straightforward manner—from a sender to a receiver.

Laswell’s Verbal Model

Communication can be understood by answering the five questions provided by Harold Laswell (1948).

Shannon and Weaver’s Model

They modified Laswell’s Verbal Model by adding noise as a component

Interactive Model

Communication is a two-way process, which involves an exchange or an interaction between the sender and the receiver.

Transactional Model

Is a model in which people interact with and through symbols overtime to share and create meaning. It also shares experiences within each other.

Communication is transactional

It is a two-way process which involves an exchange. When a message is sent, a reply is expected. It deviates from the give-and-take nature of communication.

Communication is inevitable

It is impossible not to communicate. In other words, communication is an indispensable part of daily life.

Communication is goal-oriented

When you communicate, you have goals in mind.

Communication has various levels

Interpersonal, interpersonal, small, group, and public or mass.

Communication is complex

It entails a lot of processes which can occur simultaneously or successively

Communication can be learned

The foundational knowledge in this chapter is your first step to learning and eventually improving your communication skills

Communication is relational

The process how meaning is created also echoes two vital aspects of the relationships of the communicators: immediacy and control

Communication is guided by culture

The system includes shared, beliefs, values, symbols, and behaviors.

Ethical communicators are honest

In communicating your thoughts and feelings, you have to be truthful.

Ethical communicators are well aware of the consequences of their thoughts and actions

You need to think before you communicate, whether it is in the spoken or written form. The way you communicate can build or ruin your reputation

Ethical communicators value diversity and respect other’s opinions

Respect means showing regard or consideration for others and their ideas even if you do not agree with them

Ethical communicators are just and fair

You do not has to make decision decisions or judgment based on hearsays, gossips, prejudices, and personal biases