liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas

Which structure is found at the porta hepatis?
A. Hepatic veins
B. Inferior vena cava
C. Portal triad
D. Lymph nodes only

C. Portal triad

Which structure does NOT pass through the porta hepatis?
A. Hepatic artery proper
B. Portal vein
C. Common bile duct
D. Hepatic veins

D. Hepatic veins

The ligamentum teres hepatis is derived from:
A. Ductus venosus
B. Umbilical vein
C. Umbilical artery
D. Portal vein

B. Umbilical vein

The ligamentum venosum is a remnant of:
A. Umbilical vein
B. Ductus venosus
C. Vitelline duct
D. Hepatic artery

B. Ductus venosus

The majority of blood supply to the liver comes from:
A. Hepatic artery
B. Portal vein
C. Splenic artery
D. IVC

B. Portal vein

Which structure drains directly into the IVC?
A. Portal vein
B. Hepatic veins
C. Splenic vein
D. SMV

B. Hepatic veins

Functional liver segments are based on:
A. Lymph drainage
B. Biliary drainage
C. Blood supply
D. Nerve supply

C. Blood supply

The gallbladder primarily functions to:
A. Produce bile
B. Store and concentrate bile
C. Secrete enzymes
D. Absorb glucose

B. Store and concentrate bile

The cystic artery most commonly arises from:
A. Common hepatic artery
B. Proper hepatic artery
C. Right hepatic artery
D. Left hepatic artery

C. Right hepatic artery

The spiral valves of Heister are located in the:
A. Common bile duct
B. Cystic duct
C. Hepatic duct
D. Pancreatic duct

B. Cystic duct

Which structure is NOT part of the cystohepatic triangle?
A. Cystic duct
B. Common hepatic duct
C. Inferior border of liver
D. Common bile duct

D. Common bile duct

Which structure lies within the cystohepatic triangle?
A. Portal vein
B. Cystic artery
C. Splenic artery
D. Hepatic vein

B. Cystic artery

A patient presents with RUQ pain radiating to the right shoulder.

What nerve mediates this referred pain?
A. Vagus nerve
B. Phrenic nerve
C. Greater splanchnic nerve
D. Intercostal nerves

B. Phrenic nerve

Gallstones most commonly become lodged at:
A. Cystic duct
B. Hepatic duct
C. Hepatopancreatic ampulla
D. Minor duodenal papilla

C. Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Which part of the pancreas is intraperitoneal?
A. Head
B. Neck
C. Body
D. Tail

D. Tail

The uncinate process lies:
A. Anterior to SMA
B. Posterior to SMA
C. Lateral to SMA
D. Superior to SMA

B. Posterior to SMA

The neck of the pancreas lies:
A. Anterior to pylorus
B. Posterior to pylorus
C. Within spleen
D. In pelvis

B. Posterior to pylorus

The main pancreatic duct opens into:
A. Minor papilla
B. Major papilla
C. Pylorus
D. Jejunum

B. Major papilla

The accessory pancreatic duct opens into:
A. Major papilla
B. Minor papilla
C. Hepatic duct
D. Ileum

B. Minor papilla

The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed by union of:
A. Cystic duct + pancreatic duct
B. Hepatic duct + pancreatic duct
C. Common bile duct + main pancreatic duct
D. SMV + splenic vein

C. Common bile duct + main pancreatic duct

Which arteries supply the head of the pancreas?
A. Only SMA branches
B. Only celiac trunk branches
C. Both SMA and celiac trunk branches
D. IMA branches

C. Both SMA and celiac trunk branches

The anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery arises from:
A. SMA
B. Splenic artery
C. Gastroduodenal artery
D. Left gastric artery

C. Gastroduodenal artery

The spleen is located in relation to which ribs?
A. 6–8
B. 7–9
C. 9–11
D. 10–12

C. 9–11

The spleen lies in which region?
A. RUQ
B. LUQ
C. RLQ
D. Pelvis

B. LUQ

The splenic vein joins which vessel to form the portal vein?
A. IVC
B. SMV
C. Hepatic vein
D. Renal vein

B. SMV

A patient suffers trauma to ribs 10–11 on the left side.

Which organ is most at risk?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Spleen
D. Pancreas

C. Spleen

Rupture of the spleen most likely leads to:
A. Portal hypertension
B. Intraperitoneal hemorrhage
C. Biliary obstruction
D. Pancreatitis

B. Intraperitoneal hemorrhage

Which structure lies within the splenorenal ligament?
A. Portal vein
B. Tail of pancreas
C. Common bile duct
D. Hepatic artery

B. Tail of pancreas

Which structure carries nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract?
A. Hepatic artery
B. Portal vein
C. Splenic artery
D. IVC

B. Portal vein

Which structure is MOST likely damaged in gallbladder surgery if anatomy is unclear?
A. Portal vein
B. Common hepatic duct
C. Splenic artery
D. SMA

B. Common hepatic duct

Which structure lies posterior to the pancreas?
A. Aorta
B. Liver
C. Stomach
D. Spleen

A. Aorta

Which structure divides the liver into anatomical right and left lobes?
A. Portal vein
B. Falciform ligament
C. Hepatic artery
D. Ligamentum venosum

B. Falciform ligament

Which structure divides the liver into functional lobes?
A. Falciform ligament
B. Middle hepatic vein
C. Round ligament
D. Coronary ligament

B. Middle hepatic vein

The bare area of the liver is:
A. Covered by visceral peritoneum
B. Covered by parietal peritoneum
C. Not covered by peritoneum
D. Covered by omentum

C. Not covered by peritoneum

Which ligament attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?
A. Coronary ligament
B. Falciform ligament
C. Hepatoduodenal ligament
D. Splenorenal ligament

B. Falciform ligament

Which structure lies in the free edge of the falciform ligament?
A. Portal vein
B. Ligamentum venosum
C. Ligamentum teres
D. Hepatic artery

C. Ligamentum teres

The hepatic portal vein is formed by union of:
A. SMV + IMA
B. SMV + splenic vein
C. Splenic + renal vein
D. IVC + SMV

B. SMV + splenic vein

Blood in the portal vein is best described as:
A. Fully oxygenated
B. Deoxygenated only
C. Nutrient-rich, partially oxygenated
D. Lymphatic fluid

C. Nutrient-rich, partially oxygenated

Which structure processes absorbed nutrients before systemic circulation?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Spleen
D. Pancreas

B. Liver

The fundus of the gallbladder is:
A. Narrow and curved
B. In contact with pancreas
C. The widest part
D. Attached to spleen

C. The widest part

Which structure keeps the cystic duct open?
A. Sphincter of Oddi
B. Spiral valves
C. Pancreatic duct
D. Hepatic duct

B. Spiral valves

Which structure is MOST at risk during cholecystectomy?
A. Splenic artery
B. Common hepatic duct
C. SMA
D. Left gastric artery

B. Common hepatic duct

Which structure lies anterior to the pancreas?
A. Aorta
B. Stomach
C. IVC
D. Kidney

B. Stomach

Which structure lies posterior to the pancreas?
A. Stomach
B. Liver
C. Aorta
D. Colon

C. Aorta

Which duct is also called the duct of Wirsung?
A. Accessory pancreatic duct
B. Main pancreatic duct
C. Cystic duct
D. Hepatic duct

B. Main pancreatic duct

Which duct is also called the duct of Santorini?
A. Main pancreatic duct
B. Accessory pancreatic duct
C. Common bile duct
D. Hepatic duct

B. Accessory pancreatic duct

The hepatopancreatic sphincter controls:
A. Portal blood flow
B. Bile and pancreatic juice entry
C. Gastric emptying
D. Insulin secretion

B. Bile and pancreatic juice entry

Which artery supplies the body and tail of the pancreas?
A. SMA
B. IMA
C. Splenic artery
D. Hepatic artery

C. Splenic artery