Binomial Distribution and Proportions

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the binomial distribution and proportions.

Binomial Distribution

A probability distribution that describes the number of successes in a fixed number of independent Bernoulli trials.

Parameter vs Estimate

A parameter is a fixed value that describes a characteristic of a population, while an estimate is a value inferred from a sample.

Bernoulli Trial

A random experiment with exactly two possible outcomes, often referred to as 'success' and 'failure'.

Binomial Coefficient

A mathematical expression that represents the number of ways to choose a subset of successes from a larger set of trials.

P-Value

The probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is correct.

Null Hypothesis (H0)

The hypothesis that there is no significant difference or effect, often representing a baseline or default position.

Alternative Hypothesis (HA)

The hypothesis that there is a significant difference or effect, contradicting the null hypothesis.

Standard Deviation (σ)

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

Variance (σ²)

The average of the squared differences from the mean, representing the degree to which data points differ from the mean.

Proportion

A measure that states the size of a part relative to the whole, often expressed as a fraction or percentage.