NMT 04207- Application of Nursing Process and Theory in Nursing Care

This practice set contains vocabulary and concepts regarding nursing models, theories, the nursing process, vital signs, health service delivery in Tanzania, and specialties like geriatric and end-of-life care.

AGYW

Adolescents Girl and Young Women

VMMC

Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision

Model

A set of stated principles about nursing which gives professionals a way of formulating a plan of care, assessing its success and addressing any problems which arise from it

Theory

A set of assumption, propositions, or accepted facts that attempts to provide a plausible or rational explanation of cause and effects, relationship among a group of observed phenomenon

Nursing theory

A set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines that project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena

Florence Nightingale’s Theory

The first theory of nursing which focused on changing and manipulating the environment in order to put the patient in the best possible condition for nature to act

Self-care

Those activities an individual performs independently throughout life to promote and maintain personal well-being

Self-care agency

The individual’s ability to perform self-care activities

Self-care requisites

Also called self-care needs, these are measures or actions taken to provide self-care

Adaptation Model

A framework developed by Sister Calista Roy that views each person as a unified bio-psychosocial system in constant interaction with a changing environment

Metaparadigm for nursing

A set of four major concepts: Individuals or clients (recipients of care), Environment (internal and external surroundings), Health (degree of wellness), and Nursing (attributes and actions of the nurse)

Team nursing

The delivery of nursing care to individual clients by a group of providers led by a professional nurse

Functional nursing

A task-oriented approach to nursing delivery that focuses on the jobs to be completed, such as bed making or temperature measurement

Case management

A method for delivering nursing care in which the nurse is responsible for a caseload of clients across the health care continuum

Primary nursing

A system in which one nurse is responsible for overseeing the total care of a number of hospitalized clients $24\,\text{hours}$ a day, $7\,\text{days}$ a week

Critical pathway

A plan or tool that specifies interprofessional assessments, interventions, treatments, and outcomes for health-related conditions across a time line

Nursing Process

A deliberate, problem-solving approach to meeting the health care and nursing needs of patients consisting of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation

Subjective data

Symptoms or covert data apparent only to the person affected and can be described or verified only by that person, such as pain or nausea

Objective data

Signs or overt data detectable by an observer or that can be measured or tested against an accepted standard, such as blood pressure or swelling

Nursing diagnosis

A comprehensive statement of actual or potential health concerns that describes the outcome of assessment based on subjective and objective data

Vital signs

Cardinal signs or physiological parameters that reflect key body processes, including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure

Pyrexia

Elevated body temperature ranging from $38\,^{\circ}\text{C}$

Hyperpyrexia

An extremely elevated body temperature ranging from $41\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ and above

Bradycardia

An adult pulse rate below $60\,\text{beats/minute}$

Tachycardia

An adult pulse rate above $100\,\text{beats/minute}$

Dyspnea

A condition where the person experiences difficulty in breathing

Hypertension

A condition when the systolic blood pressure is over $160\,mmHg$ or the diastolic pressure is over $100\,mmHg$

Admission

The process of receiving patients with serious health problems to a health facility for diagnosis, investigations, care, and treatment

Inter-hospital transfer

The transfer of a patient from one hospital to another on the advice of clinical staff, also known as inter-facility or secondary transfer

DAMA

Discharged Against Medical Advice; which occurs when a patient decides to leave the hospital without a physician's approval

Geriatric Nursing

A branch of nursing concerned with care of the aging population, including promotion of healthy aging and management of physiological, psychological, and sociological problems

Presbycusis

Decreased ability to hear high-pitched tones that naturally begins in midlife due to irreversible inner ear changes

Presbyopia

Decrease in visual accommodation that occurs with advancing age

End of life care

Health care provided to those with a terminal condition that has become advanced, progressive, and incurable

DABDA

An acronym for Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’s five emotional stages of dying: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance

Rigor Mortis

A condition where the body becomes stiff within $4\,\text{hours}$ after death as a result of decreased ATP production

Algor Mortis

A condition after death where the skin loses elasticity and temperature decreases by a few degrees each hour

Livor Mortis

Discoloration of dependent parts of the body after death resulting from blood pooling as hemoglobin breaks down

Death rattle

Noisy respirations often due to the accumulation of mucus in the respiratory tract of a dying patient