unit 3 honors biology-energetics

autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

, ex. primary producers, algae, plants

heterotroph

an organism that relies on other organisms for food

ex.bunnys, snakes,squirrels

decompistion is the ____ stage in the recycliing of nutrients

first

detritivore 

a feeder of dead or decaying matter

examples of decomposers

ex. fungi, bacteria, beetles, flys

1st trophic level

producers

2nd trophic level

primary consumers

3rd trophic level s

secondary consumers 

4th trophic level

teritary consumers

top of trophic levels

apex predators

100 energy at ____then goes to 1 percent at 

1 trophic level

2nd trophic level 

autotrophs include

chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs

chemoautotroph is

an organism that uses chemicals (methane) to make organic compounds

ex. bacteria

photoautotroph is 

an organism that uses sunlight to make organic compoounds 

ex. bacteria, plants, algae 

heterotrophs include

consumers and decomposers

Plants are considered to be

autotrophs

animals are considered

heterotrophs

Which of the following cellular processes require ATP

cell division,

digestion

dna replication

making proteins 

cell growth

nerve impulses 

protein pumps like the sodium potassium pump  

what is the green molecule?

adenosine

The main source of energy for autotrophs is inorganic compounds and the main source of energy for heterotrophs is organic compounds. 

true

venus fly trap is a 

autotroph 

spiders are

heterotrophs

The energy that ATP carries is stored in

the bonds that connect the phosphates to each other

How is ADP able to "recharge" and transform back into ATP?

adding another phosphate 

When the last phosphate is removed from an ATP molecule …

a large amount of energy is released

What is another term for autotroph?

producer

what is ATP

an organic molecule that carries energy that cells can use 

Atp contains

one adenine, one ribose sugar and THREE phosphate groups

Where is the greatest amount of energy contained in ATP

between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups (This is why ADP has less energy because it doesn’t have that 3rd group).

What is ADP?

an organic molecule that lost a phosphate group when the last phosphate bond was broken by a hydrolysis reaction 

what does adp contain?

one adiene, one ribose sugar and TWO phosphate groups

How and when is energy released in ADP

When the last phosphate bond is broken, energy is released for cellular work

ADP needs to be recharged, another phosphate is added (creating ATP in this process)

ENERGY IS NOT RELEASED WHEN BONDS ARE BROKEN; ENERGY IS RELEASED WHEN BONDS ARE FORMED

Phosphorylation means 

adding a phosphate to a molecule 

what are the processes that make ATP

cellular respiration and photosynthesis

what pigment is found in chloroplasts

chlorophyll

what is a stack of thylakoids called?

granum

What is the space surrounding the granum called 

stroma

chlorophyll absorbs

blue/violet/red

chlorophyll reflects

green and yellow light

Process of photosynthesis is divided into

light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions

How are electrons transported between the different reactions

NADP+ (a transport molecule)

light-dependent reactions occur in

the thylakoids

photosystems collect sunlight and use it to energize electrons, releasing energy as they go throughout molecules

This is called the electron transport chain

What happens in light-dependent reactions 

h20 molecules are broken apart in a process called photolysis 

chlorophyll B helps plants absorb

violet, blue, orange and red

what color absorbs the least

green because it is reflective