exam three prototype drugs

aspirin

Class: NSAIDS

class: salicylate

MOA: inhibits COX-1 and inhibits COX-2 to decrease inflammation and fever

USE: pain inflammatory conditions, fever reduction, platelet inhibition

Aspirin #2

ADR: Gi irritation, renal/kidney dysfunction, reye’s syndrome: avoid in child with viral infections and under age of 3, salicylism: tinnitus, hyperventilation, dizziness, confusion

DONT: Gi bleeding, renal impairment, children with viral infections, pregnancy (3rd trimester)

Consid: stop 7-10 days before surgery, monitor for signs of bleeding, take with food to reduce GI discomfort

Ibuprofen

NSAID

Class: propionic acid derivative

MOA: inhibits COX1 and COX2, reducing prostaglandin synthesis to decrease inflammation

USE: pain, inflammatory conditions, fever reduction, menstrual pain

Ibuprofen #2

ADR: GI irritations, renal/ kidney dysfunction, increased BP, risk of heart attack and stroke with long term use

DONT: GI ulcers, renal impairment, pregnancy (3rd trimester ) asthma

Considerations: monior for GI bleeding and kidney function, take with food, use lowest effective dose

celecoxib (celebrex)

Class: selective COX-2 inhibitors

MOA: reduces prostaglandin

USE: inflammatory conditions, short-term acute pain: dysmenorrhea: pain associated with menstruation

celecoxib (celebrex) #2

ADR: increase risk of heart attack, stroke, GI irritation, Renal impairment especially in preexistingsteroidal anti kidney conditions

DONT: cardiovascular disease, GI disorders, renal dysfunction, pregnancy

CONsid: monitor if cardiovascular risk, assess renal function, GI side effects, educate: to take with food and resport signs of cardiovascular issues

prednisone

class: Corticosteroid, Anti-inflammatory

MOA: Inhibits phospholipase A2,
reducing prostaglandins and leukotrienes, decreasing inflammation,

USE: autoimmune, (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus) allergic (asthma, anaphylaxis), inflammatory, (IBD) acute (shock)

prednisone #2

ADR: immunosuppression, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, GI issues, mood changes (anxiety and depression), cushing’s syndrome

DONT: active infectinos, peptic ulcers, live vaccines, prgnancy

Considertions: monitor for infectinons , blood glucose levela dn bone health, tampering, Gi protection

acetaminophen

Class: antipyretics, analgesic

MOA: inhibits COX activity in the CNS.

USE: fever, mild to moderate pain

acetaminophen #2

ADR: rare allergic reactions (rash, anaphylaxis), hepatotoxicity, acetaminophen toxicity: NV, anorexia, jaundice, confusion

DONT: liver diease, chronic alcohol use

Considerations: monitor liver functions, do not exceed the maximum daily dose, advise taking with food

antidote of acetaminophen toxicity

n-acetylcysteine (mucomyst)