Cell Biology and Membrane Transport: Key Concepts and Processes

1. The three major components of the cytoplasm are

Cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

2. Two types of endocytosis are

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

3. Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules

Facilitated diffusion and solute pumping

4. Osmosis transports water across membranes using

Aquaporins

5. Passive processes that move substances across membranes

Requires no ATP

6. Which of the following would NOT be transported across a membrane using passive processes

Amino acids

7. Cells propelled by a long tail must have

Flagella

8. A cell would plump with water and possibly lyse in

Hypotonic solution

9. NOT part of cell theory

The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells

10. Segment of RNA

AUGUCA

11. Processes NOT moving molecules from high to low concentration

Filtration

12. Movement of fluid through membrane from high to low pressure

Filtration

13. Molecules making cell surface fuzzy, sticky, sugar-rich

Glycoproteins

14. Solution with fewer solutes than cell

Hypotonic

15. Ribosomes are found

In cytoplasm and on rough ER

16. NOT a cytoplasmic organelle

Cytoplasm

17. NOT true about plasma membrane

It allows water-soluble molecules to pass through easily

18. Cytoplasm is located

Outside nucleus, inside plasma membrane

19. Primary role of rough ER

Synthesizes proteins

20. One of the four main elements in cells

Carbon

21. Plasma membrane junction impermeable and binds cells into leakproof sheets

Tight junctions

22. Nuclear pores function

Allow exchange of material with rest of cell

23. Chromatin condenses to form

Chromosomes

24. Primary function of mitochondria

Carry out reactions using oxygen to produce ATP

25. Primary role of nucleus

Control center, contains genetic material

26. Tissues are

Groups of cells similar in structure and function

27. Plasma membrane composition

Double phospholipid layer

28. Nucleoli function

Sites of ribosome assembly

29. Organelle modifying/packaging proteins

Golgi apparatus

30. Basic structural/functional unit of living organisms

Cell

31. One of the three main regions all cells share

Plasma membrane

32. Ribosomes function

Sites of protein synthesis

33. DNA replication occurs during

interphase

34. Amitotic cells at maturity

Cardiac muscle cells

35. Transcription

Transfers information from DNA into mRNA

36. Cell life cycle portion not involving division

interphase

37. Fibrosis tissue repair forms

Scar tissue

38. Drug interfering with mitotic spindle fibers affects

Prophase

39. Correct mitosis order

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

40. DNA base-pairing rules

A-T, G-C

41. Complementary DNA strand for GTA-GCA

CAT-CGT

42. Molecule carrying amino acid to ribosome

tRNA

43. Molecule containing anticodon

tRNA

44. Organelle with enzymes packaged by Golgi

Lysosome

45. Nutrients/ions pass via

Gap junctions

46. Facilitated diffusion assistance

Protein carrier or channel

47. NOT a nuclear structural component

Golgi apparatus

48. IV drip to fill cells with fluid

Hypotonic

49. mRNA 3-base sequences

Codons

50. Scenario necessitating active transport

Moving substances against concentration gradient

51. Driving force for filtration

Hydrostatic pressure

52. Feature distinguishing active from passive transport

Active requires metabolic energy

53. Role of ATP in solute pumping

Energizes protein carriers to move substances against gradient

54. Activity during interphase

Cell growth and metabolic processes

55. Solutes undergoing simple diffusion

Lipid-soluble or small enough to pass through pores

56. Osmosis description

Simple diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane

57. Direct product of transcription

Complementary mRNA base sequence

58. Facilitated diffusion of large molecules requires

Protein carrier

59. Direction of material movement in exocytosis

Out of the cell

60. Dissolving medium in biological solutions

Water

61. Plasma membrane property dictating entry/exit

Selective permeability

62. Endocytosis "cell eating"

Phagocytosis

63. Diffusion direction relative to concentration

High → Low

64. Muscle involuntary, heart, striated, intercalated disks

Cardiac muscle

65. Two main extracellular matrix components

Ground substance and protein fibers

66. Bone tissue characteristics

Bone (osseous tissue)

67. Nervous tissue functional characteristics

Irritability and conductivity

68. Most common cartilage with collagen, rubbery matrix

Hyaline cartilage

69. Epithelial tissue unique characteristic

Avascularity and easy regeneration

70. Specialized epithelial tissue for stretching (urinary)

Transitional epithelium

71. Tissue appearing multilayered, all cells touch basement membrane

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

72. Dense fibrous connective tissue location

Tendons and ligaments

73. Delicate fiber network supporting lymphoid organs

Reticular connective tissue

74. Tissue types largely replaced by scar tissue

Cardiac muscle & CNS nervous tissue

75. Loose connective tissue for insulation/fuel storage

Adipose tissue

76. Simple epithelium with goblet cells (digestive)

Simple columnar epithelium

77. Gland secreting hormones directly into blood

Endocrine gland

78. Location of stratified squamous epithelium (friction areas)

Lining of mouth and esophagus