anatomy for neur200

Dopaminergic Pathway 1

VTA (Ventral Tegmental Area) <—> PFC (Prefrontal Cortex) [Mesocortical]

Dopaminergic Pathway 2

VTA (Ventral Tegmental Area) <—> NAc (Nucleus Accumbens) [Mesolimbic]

Dopaminergic Pathway 3

SN (Substantia Nigra) <—> BG-S (Basal Ganglia, striatum) [Nigrostriatal]

Substantia Nigra

produces dopamine in the left hemisphere and right hemisphere.

Ventral Tegmental area

next to the SN (substantia nigra). neurons in VTA project dopamine to the Nucleus Accumbens (NA)

Nucleus Accumbens (NA)

located in left and right hemisphere which are part of the dopamine reward pathway. the NA is also known as mesolimbic pathway which is studied in addictions

hypothalamus

left and right hemisphere that are both important for motivating behaviors. This is part of the Diencephalon

Thalamus

left and right hemisphere; part of the diencephalon and is the MOST important relay station for sensory information in the brain. Almost all sensory information have a synapse in thalamus before getting to other areas of the brain.

Geniculostriate Pathway

Visual pathway associated with processing pattern, color, and motion recognition. conscious

Tectopulvinar pathway

visual pathway associated with the spatial location of objects and is unconscious

Where is the V1 primary visual cortex located?

in the striate cortex of the optical lobe

Dorsal Visual Stream location

the “where” portion located in the optical lobe going towards to parietal lobe

Ventral Visual system location

the “what” portion located in the optical lobe going towards the temporal lobe

Fusiform Gyrus

(Part of the “WHAT” pathway) both left hemisphere and right are important for processing human faces, but the left one is also important for the recognition of words

Inferior Temporal Gyrus

both left and right hemisphere are part of the “WHAT” visual pathway

Temporal Lobes: What color goes with each?

STG (Superior Temporal Gyrus) navy blue, 2- MTG (Middle Temporal Gyrus) orange, ITG (Inferior Temporal Gyrus) purple, FG (Fusiform gyrus) green, PHG (Parahippocampal Gyrus) light blue, and HIPP (Hippocampus) yellow

What/ventral pathway

The ventral pathway involved in identifying objects: auditory starts in A1, ends in the superior temporal and visual starts in V1, ends in the inferior temporal

Where pathway

The dorsal pathway associated with spatial awareness and the location of objects. auditory starts in A1, ends in the posterior temporal cortex and parietal cortex

Somatosensory Cortex location

located in the post-central gyrus responsible for processing sensory information from the body.

Posterior Parietal Cortex

A region in the parietal lobe, consisting of superior and inferior lobules, involved in integrating sensory information.

Primary Motor Cortex (M1) location

Located in the anterior-central gyrus, this area is responsible for planning and executing voluntary movements.

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

A part of the brain involved in emotion regulation, impulse control, and decision-making.

Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC)

A functional part of the prefrontal cortex, sometimes referred to as ventromedial.

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)

One of the functional parts of the prefrontal cortex (white part)

Hypothalamus

Part of the diencephalon that regulates vital behaviors like sleep and eating, with both left and right hemispheres influencing motivation.

Thalamus

A major relay station for sensory information in the brain, where almost all sensory data is filtered before being sent to other brain areas.