Chemical Bonds and Hybridization

Flashcards covering key concepts of chemical bonds, hybridization, and associated vocabulary.

Regla del Octeto

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration with eight electrons in their valence shell.

Estructuras de Lewis

Graphical representations of molecules showing the connectivity of atoms and the distribution of valence electrons (bonding pairs and lone pairs).

Enlace Iónico

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions that are electrostatically attracted.

Enlace Covalente

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms, typically occurring between nonmetals.

Enlace Covalente No Polar

A type of covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between atoms, typically when they have similar electronegativities.

Enlace Covalente Polar

A type of covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally due to different electronegativities, creating partial charges.

Enlace Covalente Coordinado (Dativo)

A bond where one atom provides both electrons for the bond formation.

Puente de Hidrógeno

An intermolecular attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like O, N, or F) and a lone pair of electrons on another electronegative atom.

Enlace Metálico

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons among multiple metallic atoms, where valence electrons are delocalized to form a 'sea' of electrons.

Hibridación

The process by which atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals that are better suited for bonding.

Orbital sp

Formed by the mixing of one s orbital with one p orbital, resulting in two sp hybrid orbitals with linear geometry.

Orbital sp²

Formed by the mixing of one s orbital with two p orbitals, resulting in three sp² hybrid orbitals with trigonal planar geometry.

Orbital sp³

Formed by the mixing of one s orbital with three p orbitals, resulting in four sp³ hybrid orbitals with tetrahedral geometry.