CAIE IGCSE Computer Science Flashcards

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Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the CAIE IGCSE Computer Science syllabus.

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46 Terms

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Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC)

The process of analyzing, designing, coding, testing, and maintaining a program.

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Abstraction

Focusing on essential elements while eliminating unnecessary details and information.

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Decomposition

Breaking down complex problems into smaller, manageable parts.

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Structure Diagrams

Diagrammatically represent a top-down design, breaking down a computer system into sub-systems.

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Pseudocode

Verbal representation of an algorithm.

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Flowcharts

Diagrammatic representation of the steps required to complete a task.

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Algorithm

A process or set of steps to complete a task.

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Variable

Store of data which changes during execution of the program.

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Constant

Store of data that remains the same during the execution of the program.

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Integer

Whole Number e.g. 2; 8; 100

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Real

Decimal Number e.g. 7.00; 5.64

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Char

Single Character e.g. ‘a’; ‘Y’

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String

Multiple Characters (Text) e.g. “ZNotes”; “COOL”

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Boolean

Only 2 Values e.g. True/False; Yes/No; 0/1

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Array

Similar to variable but it can store multiple values of same datatype under single name

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Totalling

Keeping a total that values are added to

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Counting

Keeping a count of the number of times an action is performed

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Linear Search

Each item in the list is inspected sequentially until a match is found or the entire list is traversed.

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Bubble Sort

Iteratively compare and swap adjacent elements in a list to sort them.

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Normal Data

Test data with values in acceptable range.

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Abnormal Data

Test data that would be rejected by the solution as not suitable.

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Extreme Data

Largest and smallest values that normal data can take.

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Boundary Data

Data used to establish where the largest and smallest values occur; one value is accepted and the other value is rejected.

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Trace Table

Used to document the outcomes of every step in an algorithm.

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Validation

Automated checks to ensure the reasonableness of data before accepting it.

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Range Check

Verifies that a numerical value falls within specified upper and lower limits.

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Length Check

Ensures that data consists of a precise number of characters.

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Type Check

Verifies that the entered data corresponds to a specific data type.

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Presence Check

Checks to ensure that some data has been entered and the value has not been left blank

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Format Check

Checks that the characters entered conform to a pre-defined pattern.

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Check Digit

The final digit included in a code; it is calculated from all the other digits.

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Verification

Checking that data has been accurately copied from one source to another

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Double Entry

Data is inputted twice, and the computer system compares both entries.

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Screen/Visual Check

User manually reviewing the entered data displayed on the screen.

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Constructs of a Program

Data use, sequence, selection, iteration, operators.

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Procedure

Collection of programming statements organized under a single name, invoked to execute a specific task.

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Function

Compilation of programming statements consolidated under a singular name, invoked to accomplish a particular task; returns a value.

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Parameter

Variables that store the values of arguments passed to a procedure or function.

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Local Variable

A local variable can only be used by the part of the program it is declared in

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Global Variable

Any part of a program can use a global variable – its scope covers the whole program

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One-Dimensional Array

A single list of data elements of the same type, accessed by an index.

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Two-Dimensional Array

A table with rows and columns, declared with row and column index values.

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Logic Gates

NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR

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Database

A well-organized compilation of data that enables individuals to retrieve information according to their specific requirements.

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Primary Key

A unique field that distinguishes each item within the data, with values that are never repeated within the table.

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Structured Query Language (SQL)

The standard language for writing scripts to retrieve valuable information from databases.