Chapter 1: A New World

A collection of vocabulary flashcards based on the key terms and concepts from Chapter 1, 'A New World,' detailing the interactions between the Americas and Europeans.

Beringia

The land bridge that connected Asia and North America, allowing the first peoples to cross into the Americas.

Conquistadors

Spanish conquerors in the Americas who sought wealth and power, often through violent means.

Encomienda

A system where Spanish settlers were granted the right to extract labor from indigenous peoples.

Aztec

A large and powerful civilization in central Mexico with an advanced culture prior to European contact.

Inca

A significant empire centered in Peru, known for its agriculture, architecture, and extensive road network.

Cahokia

An ancient city near St. Louis, known for its large mound complexes and significant pre-Columbian population.

Pueblo Bonito

The largest of the 'great houses' built by the Anasazi in New Mexico.

Treaty of Tordesillas

A 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal that divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe.

Missionary zeal

The fervent desire and effort to convert others to Christianity, often observed in Spanish conquests.

Jesuits

A Roman Catholic missionary order known for their efforts to convert indigenous peoples, particularly in New France.

Coureur de Bois

French fur traders who lived among and adopted the customs of Native Americans.

Pueblo Revolt

A successful uprising by indigenous peoples against Spanish colonizers in 1680, led by the leader Pope.

Smallpox

A contagious disease brought by Europeans that devastated Native American populations.

Coverture

A legal doctrine where a married woman has no property rights; her legal identity is incorporated into her husband's.

Mound Builders

Ancient American Indian cultures who constructed various styles of earthen mounds for ceremonial and burial purposes.

Hybrid culture

A blending of different cultures, as seen in America with Spanish, Native American, and African influences.

Zheng He

A Chinese admiral who led maritime expeditions in the 15th century, influencing maritime trade routes.

Columbus

An Italian navigator credited with discovering the Americas for Spain in 1492.

Haciendas

Large estates or farms in Spanish-speaking countries, often relying on the labor of indigenous peoples and African slaves.