Period 6 essential terms APUSH

Gilded age (NAT)

The Gilded Age refers to the late 19th century period in American history, characterized by rapid industrialization, economic growth, and the emergence of significant social issues such as inequality and corruption, alongside a facade of prosperity.

Vertical and Horizontal integration

business strategies used by corporations to control market share and reduce competition. Vertical integration involves controlling all aspects of production, while horizontal integration consolidates many businesses within the same industry.

Homestead act (GEO)

A law enacted in 1862 that granted 160 acres of public land to settlers for a small fee, encouraging westward expansion and the settling of the American frontier.

Chinese exclusion act (MIG)

A federal law passed in 1882 that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers to the United States, reflecting the nativist attitudes and racial discrimination of the time.

Populist party (PCE)

A political coalition formed in the 1890s that represented the interests of farmers and laborers, advocating for economic reforms such as the regulation of railroads, currency reform, and direct election of senators.

“Gospel of Wealth” (WOR)

An essay written by industrialist Andrew Carnegie in 1889 that argued wealthy individuals have a moral obligation to use their riches to benefit society, promoting philanthropy and social responsibility.

Labor Movements (SOC)

A series of organized efforts by workers in the 19th century seeking to improve labor conditions, including better wages, shorter hours, and the right to unionize, often in response to the industrial revolution's challenges.