Geology

Which of the following would not be considered a fossil?

Yuka, the frozen mammoth calf (39 Ka)

70 million year old gastroliths (stones polished in the stomachs of dinosaurs)

Otzi, the frozen iceman (3300 years old)

Laetoli hominid footprints (3 Ma)

Otzi, the frozen iceman (3300 years old)

Which type of fossilization describes the removal of original skeletal or shell material, leaving behind an impression of the organism?

mold

carbonization

recrystallization

original hard parts

mold

Why does the following image not properly illustrate the evolution of humans as primates? 

Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees, but rather share an ancestors

The second and third "ancestor" in the image are reversed.

Humans did not evolve from primate ancestors.

Only the last individual should be standing upright.

Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees, but rather share an ancestors

The filling of open pore spaces in a fossil with secondary mineral material is called

recrystallization

permineralization

replacement

carbonization

permineralization

Why do scientists choose to study paleontology?

All of the choices are correct.

They are fascinated by ancient life.

It is useful for telling time.

It can be used to reconstruct ancient climates.

All of the choices are correct.

What process describes all the processes involved in the preservations of organisms and their traces?

fossilization

lithification

permineralization

petrification

fossilization

According to a 2010 study by Potts & Sloan, what percentage of your DNA do you share with a banana?

Around 60%

Around 90%

Exactly 20%

Humans do not share DNA with bananas.

Around 60%

In 1726 Johann Beringer published an article claiming fossils were of supernatural origin. In reality, the samples he described had been hand-carved by two of his colleagues as part of an elaborate hoax. The carved stones were later known as

ichnofossils

lugensteine

molds

All of the choices are correct

lugensteine

What type of fossil preserves the behavior of an organism, but not an actual part of that organism (such as burrows or foot prints)?

recrystallization

replacement

permineralization

trace fossils

trace fossils

Some fossils are preserved as one mineral takes the place of another. This process is called

carbonization

permineralization

replacement

recrystallization

replacement

One of the most commonly found fossil in early earth history are composed of bacterial mats called

photosynthesis

stromatolites

archaea

acritarchs

stromatolites

Which of the following does a eukaryotic cell have that a prokaryotic cell does not?

nuclear membrane

DNA

asexual reproduction

cell wall

nuclear membrane

Oxygen began to accumulate in the atmosphere as a result of waste from what process?

oxidation

chemosynthesis

photosynthesis

respiration

photosynthesis

Who used comparative anatomy to show that fossil shark teeth came from a once living shark?

Carolus Linnaeus

Nicolas Steno

Gregor Mendel

Charles Darwin

Nicolas Steno

Louis Pasteur disproved

spontaneous generation

natural selection

intelligent design

abiotic evolution

spontaneous generation

The first divergence on the phylogenetic "tree of life" was between which two groups?

eubacteria and fungi

archaea and eubacteria (prokaryota)

archaea and fungi

eukaryota and eubacteria (prokaryota)

archaea and eubacteria (prokaryota)

According to Steno's Principle of Superposition

layers of rock are deposited with the upper layers older than the underlying layers

fossilized organisms succeed each other vertically in a specific, predictable order

layers of rock are deposited with the bottom layers older than the overlying layers

layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally

layers of rock are deposited with the bottom layers older than the overlying layers

Which of the following defines something as being alive?

metabolism

All of the choices are correct

homeostasis

reproduction

All of the choices are correct

Which of the following is the genetic code that all known living organisms use?

Steno

DNA

Magic

RNA

DNA

Which of the following was NOT a common gas in the earliest atmosphere on earth?

nitrogen

water vapor

carbon dioxide

methane

methane

Sexual reproduction involves the production of gametes (sperm & eggs) through the cellular process known as

mitosis

meiosis

natural selection

binary fission

meiosis

If a recessive genetic trait is contolled by a single pair of alleles it would be considered true Mendelian gentics. What percentage of the population would you expect to have the expressed characteristic of the recessive trait?

50%

5%

25%

75%

25%

What type of natural selection leads to evolutionary stasis?

directional

stabilizing

All of the choices are correct

disruptive

stabilizing

Eukaryotic cells reproduce clones of themselves through what process?

binary fission

meiosis

genetic recombination

mitosis

mitosis

Which term describes the observation that organisms better adapted for their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring?

endosymbiosis

intelligent design

evolution

natural selection

natural selection

How do paleontologists define species in the fossil record?

They breed the fossils to see if their offspring are viable

They compare morphologies

They only use DNA comparison

They examine soft tissues

They compare morphologies

Disruptive natural selection leads to _______ morphologic changes.

disruptive

stabilizing

anagenetic

cladogenetic

cladogenetic

Which of the following played the largest role in producing the modern diversity of dog breeds?

artificial selection

homology

natural selection

convergent evolution

artificial selection

Which of the following is the correct order for the classification of life?

Domain, Species, Genus, Kingdom, Class, Family, Order, Phylum

Kingdom, Class, Order, Phylum, Family, Genus, Species, Domain

Kingdom, Domain, Family, Order, Phylum, Class, Genus, Species

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Gregor Mendel compared traits within his garden of pea plants and discovered that some were dominant and some were recessive. What field of biology did he build the foundations for in his research?

genetics

vegetarianism

paleontology

natural selection

genetics