(27.9.10.11) Ovaries, Uterine Tubes, Uterus, & Vagina

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24 Terms

1
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Describe the location, structure, and function of the ovaries

  • Internal genitalia

STRUCUTRE

  • Female gonads

  • The paired ovaries are found on either side of the uterus and
    are held in place by several ligaments

FUNCTION

  1. Produce female gametes (ova)

  2. Secrete female sex hormones, estrogen (estradiol, estrone, estriol), and progesterone

<ul><li><p><span style="color: purple;"><strong><mark data-color="purple" style="background-color: purple; color: inherit;"><span>Internal genitalia</span></mark></strong></span></p></li></ul><p><span style="color: blue;"><strong><span>STRUCUTRE</span></strong></span></p><ul><li><p>Female gonads</p></li><li><p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span>The paired ovaries are found on either side of the uterus and</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span>are held in place by several ligaments</span></span></p></li></ul><p><span style="color: red;"><strong><span>FUNCTION</span></strong></span></p><ol><li><p>Produce <span style="color: red;"><span>female gametes</span></span> (ova)</p></li><li><p>Secrete female sex hormones, <span style="color: red;"><span>estrogen</span></span> (estradiol, estrone, estriol), and <span style="color: red;"><span>progesterone</span></span></p></li></ol><p></p>
2
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Define Internal genitalia

  • Located in pelvic cavity

  • Include ovaries and duct system (uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina)

<ul><li><p><strong>Located in </strong><span style="color: purple;"><strong><mark data-color="purple" style="background-color: purple; color: inherit;">pelvic cavity</mark></strong></span><strong> </strong></p></li><li><p>Include <span style="color: purple;"><strong>ovaries</strong></span> and <span style="color: purple;"><strong>duct system</strong></span> (uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina) </p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Define External genitalia

External sex organs

4
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Describe Structure and Function of Ovarian follicles

STRUCTURE

  • Tiny saclike structures embedded in cortex

FUNCTION

  • Contain immature egg (oocyte) surrounded by:

    • Follicle cells (if only one cell layer is present)

    • Granulosa cells (if more than one layer present)

<p><span style="color: blue;"><strong>STRUCTURE </strong></span></p><ul><li><p>Tiny saclike structures embedded in cortex </p></li></ul><p><span style="color: red;"><strong>FUNCTION</strong></span> </p><ul><li><p>Contain immature egg (oocyte) surrounded by: </p><ul><li><p><span style="color: blue;">Follicle cells </span>(if only one cell layer is present) </p></li><li><p><span style="color: blue;">Granulosa cells</span> (if more than one layer present) </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
5
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Describe Follicles Stages of Development

  1. Primordial follicle

    • Single layer of follicle cells plus oocyte

  2. More mature follicles

    • Several layers of granulosa cells plus oocyte

  3. Vesicular (antral or tertiary) follicle

    • Fully mature follicle

    • Fluid-filled antrum forms; follicle bulges$$ from ovary surface

<ol><li><p><strong>Primordial follicle </strong></p><ul><li><p>Single layer of follicle cells plus oocyte</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>More mature follicles </strong></p><ul><li><p>Several layers of granulosa cells plus oocyte</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Vesicular (antral or tertiary) follicle </strong></p><ul><li><p>Fully mature follicle </p></li><li><p>Fluid-filled antrum forms; follicle bulges$$ from ovary surface </p></li></ul></li></ol><p></p>
6
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Define Ovulation

  • Ejection of oocyte from ripening follicle

  • Corpus luteum develops from ruptured follicle after ovulation

<ul><li><p>Ejection of oocyte from ripening follicle </p></li><li><p><span style="color: blue;"><strong>Corpus luteum</strong></span> develops from ruptured follicle after ovulation </p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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T/F: Uterine tube system has direct contact with ovaries

→ FALSE

  • Uterine tube system DOES NOT have direct contact with ovaries

8
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List Tube System of Female Reproductive System

  1. Uterine tubes

  2. Uterus

  3. Vagina

9
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Describe Structure and Function of Uterine Tubes

Fallopian tubes or Oviducts

STUCTURE

  • Each tube ~10cm (4in) long and extends from area of ovary to superolateral region of uterus

FUNCTION

  1. Receive ovulated oocyte and are usual site of fertilization

  2. Oocyte is carried along toward uterus by smooht muscle peristalsis and ciliary action

  3. Non-ciliated cells of tube function to nourish oocyte and sperm

<p><strong><em>Fallopian tubes</em></strong> or <strong><em>Oviducts</em></strong></p><p><span style="color: blue;"><strong><span>STUCTURE</span></strong></span></p><ul><li><p>Each tube ~10cm (4in) long and extends from area of ovary to superolateral region of uterus</p></li></ul><p><span style="color: red;"><strong><span>FUNCTION</span></strong></span></p><ol><li><p>Receive ovulated oocyte and are usual site of fertilization</p></li><li><p>Oocyte is carried along toward uterus by smooht muscle peristalsis and ciliary action </p></li><li><p>Non-ciliated cells of tube function to nourish oocyte and sperm </p></li></ol><p></p>
10
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List and Describe the Regions of Uterine Tube

  1. Isthmus

    • Constricted area where tube joins uterus

  2. Ampulla

    • Distal end of tube that curves around ovary

  3. Infundibulum

    • Distal expansion near ovary

    • Contains fimbriae that creates current to move oocyte into uterine tube

<ol><li><p><strong>Isthmus </strong></p><ul><li><p>Constricted area where tube joins uterus </p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Ampulla </strong></p><ul><li><p>Distal end of tube that curves around ovary </p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Infundibulum </strong></p><ul><li><p>Distal expansion near ovary </p></li><li><p>Contains fimbriae that creates current to move oocyte into uterine tube </p></li></ul></li></ol><p></p>
11
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Effect of Ectopic pregnancy

  • EFFECT

    • Oocyte is fertilized in peritoneal cavity or distal uterine tube and begins developing there

    • Normally abort naturally with substantial bleeding

<ul><li><p><strong>EFFECT </strong></p><ul><li><p>Oocyte is fertilized in peritoneal cavity or distal uterine tube and begins developing there </p></li><li><p>Normally abort naturally with substantial bleeding</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
12
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Describe Structure and Function of Uterus

STRUCTURE

  • Hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ

FUNCTION

  1. To receive, retain, and nourish fertilized ovum

<p><span style="color: blue;"><strong><span>STRUCTURE</span></strong></span></p><ul><li><p>Hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ</p></li></ul><p><span style="color: red;"><strong><span>FUNCTION</span></strong></span></p><ol><li><p>To receive, retain, and nourish fertilized ovum</p></li></ol><p></p>
13
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List and Describe the Regions of Uterus

  1. Body

    • Major portion

  2. Fundus

    • Rounded superior region

  3. Isthmus

    • Narrowed inferior region

14
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Role of Cervical glands

Secrete mucus that blocks sperm entry except during midcycle

15
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Effect and Risk of Cervical Cancer

  • EFFECT

    • Affects 450,000 women worldwide each year, killing half

    • Most common between ages 30 and 50

  • RISK

    • Frequent cervical inflammation

    • STIs, including HPV

<ul><li><p><strong>EFFECT</strong></p><ul><li><p>Affects 450,000 women worldwide each year, killing half </p></li><li><p>Most common between ages 30 and 50 </p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>RISK</strong></p><ul><li><p>Frequent cervical inflammation </p></li><li><p>STIs, including HPV</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
16
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List and Describe the Three Layers of the Uterine Wall

  1. Perimetrium

    • Outermost serous layer (visceral peritoneum)

  2. Myometrium

    • Bulky middle layer consisting interlacing layers of smooth muscle

    • Contracts rhythmically during childbirth

  3. Endometrium

    • Mucosal lining

    • Simple columnar epithelium

    • Fertilized egg burrows into endometrium and resides there during development

<ol><li><p><strong>Perimetrium </strong></p><ul><li><p><span style="color: purple;"><strong><mark data-color="purple" style="background-color: purple; color: inherit;">Outermost serous layer</mark></strong></span> (visceral peritoneum) </p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Myometrium </strong></p><ul><li><p><span style="color: purple;"><strong><mark data-color="purple" style="background-color: purple; color: inherit;">Bulky middle layer</mark> consisting interlacing layers of smooth muscle</strong></span></p></li><li><p>Contracts rhythmically during childbirth </p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Endometrium </strong></p><ul><li><p><span style="color: purple;"><strong><mark data-color="purple" style="background-color: purple; color: inherit;">Mucosal lining </mark></strong></span></p></li><li><p><span style="color: purple;"><em>Simple columnar epithelium </em></span></p></li><li><p>Fertilized egg burrows into endometrium and resides there during development </p></li></ul></li></ol><p></p>
17
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Name and describe Layers of the Endometrium

Endometrium has two chief layers (strata)

  1. Stratum functionalis (functional layer)

    • Changes in response to ovarian hormone cycles

    • Shed during menstruation

  2. Stratum basalis (basal layer)

    • Forms new stratum functionalis after menstruation

    • Unresponsive to ovarian hormones

<p><strong><em>Endometrium has two chief layers (strata) </em></strong></p><ol><li><p><strong>Stratum functionalis (functional layer)</strong></p><ul><li><p>Changes in response to ovarian hormone cycles</p></li><li><p>Shed during menstruation</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Stratum basalis (basal layer)</strong></p><ul><li><p>Forms new stratum functionalis after menstruation</p></li><li><p>Unresponsive to ovarian hormones</p></li></ul></li></ol><p></p>
18
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Describe Structure and Function of Vagina

STRUCTURE

  • Thin-walled tube 8-10cm (3-4 in) in length

  • Extends between bladder and rectum from cervix to exterior

  • Epithelial cells of the vaginal mucosa produce a
    glycogen-rich fluid that is metabolized by bacteria to lactic
    acid, producing a highly acidic environment that protects
    from infection.

FUNCTION

  1. Birth canal

  2. Passageway for menstrual flow

  3. Organ of copulation

<p><span style="color: blue;"><strong><span>STRUCTURE</span></strong></span></p><ul><li><p>Thin-walled tube 8-10cm (3-4 in) in length</p></li><li><p>Extends between bladder and rectum from cervix to exterior</p></li><li><p><span style="color: purple;"><strong><span>Epithelial cells of the vaginal mucosa</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span> produce a</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span>glycogen-rich fluid that is metabolized by bacteria to lactic</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span>acid, producing a </span><strong><em><span>highly acidic</span></em></strong><span> environment that protects</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span>from infection.</span></span></p></li></ul><p><span style="color: red;"><strong><span>FUNCTION</span></strong></span></p><ol><li><p>Birth canal</p></li><li><p>Passageway for menstrual flow</p></li><li><p>Organ of copulation</p></li></ol><p></p>
19
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T/F: Urethra runs parallels to vagina anteriorly

→ TRUE

20
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) associated with untreated gonorrheal infections results in fallopian tube scarring and infertility. What other disorder would a female with PID be at high risk for?

→ Ectopic Pregnancy

21
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What part of the female system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?

→ Uterine (fallopian) tube

Eggs that successfully implant in the uterus are first fertilized in the uterine tube. This does not imply a "tubal pregnancy," where the zygote implants in the uterine tube

<p><strong>→ Uterine (fallopian) tube</strong></p><p>Eggs that successfully implant in the uterus are first fertilized in the uterine tube. This does not imply a "tubal pregnancy," where the zygote <em>implants </em>in the uterine tube</p><p></p>
22
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Which layer of the uterus is made of smooth muscle?

→ Myometrium

<p><strong>→ Myometrium</strong></p>
23
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Which of these structures directly encloses the vestibule?

→ Labia minora

<p><strong>→ </strong><span><strong><span>Labia minora</span></strong></span></p>
24
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Which structure(s) of the female's external genitalia has/have erectile tissue?

→ Clitoris

<p><strong>→ Clitoris</strong></p>