American History II-Unit 1 Gilded Age through the Progressive Era (1867-1920)

Populism

doctrine that appeals to the interests and conceptions (such as hopes and fears) of the general population

Gilded Age

A Tale of Today (1873), which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding.

Andrew Carnegie/U.S. Steel/Bessemer Process

Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century.

John D. Rockefeller/Standard Oil

J.D. Rockefeller became the world's richest man and the first U.S. billionaire. Rockefeller was an oil baron who founded the Standard Oil Company.

Cornelius/george vanderbilt

Cornelius is a centurion who is directed by an angel to seek Peter

art collector and member of the prominent Vanderbilt family, which had amassed a huge fortune through steamboats, railroads, and various business enterprises.

John P. Morgan

American financier and banker who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time.

Angel island

immigration station where immigrants entering the United States were detained and interrogated

Ellis island

harbor of New York City, southwest of Manhattan. Note: From 1892 to 1954, it served as the prime immigration station of the country

"Old immigrants"

This period occurred after the Revolutionary War and continued until after the end of the Civil War.

"New immigrants"

industrial development known as the gilded age as well as the reaction to this growth during the progressive era. This period immediately following the Civil War and extending up until the 1920's.

Robber Barons

an unscrupulous plutocrat, especially an American capitalist who acquired a fortune in the late nineteenth century by ruthless means.

Captains of Industry

business leader whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributed positively to the country in some way.

Gospel of Wealth

Andrew Carnegie in June of 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich.

Walter Rauschenbusch/Christianity and the Social Crisis

key figure in the Social Gospel and 'Single Tax' movements that flourished in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Social Darwinism

theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.

Chinese Exclusion Act

most significant restrictions on free immigration in US history, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers

Tenements

a room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments.

Jane Addams/Hull House

pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author,

Recall/reform/initiative

recall to take off market, make changes in something,the ability to assess and initiate things independently.

Knights of Labor

19th century secret labor organization formed in 1869 to secure and maintain the rights of workingmen

Sherman Antitrust Act

federal law passed in 1890 that committed the American government to opposing monopolies.

Horizontal Integration

strategy where a company creates or acquires production units for outputs which are alike - either complementary or competitive

Vertical Integration

the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.

Trust

firm belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone or something.

Tammany Hall/Boss Tweed

-Tammany, or the Columbian Order, was a New York City political organization founded in 1786.

-who in the late 1860s ran a network of corrupt city officials called the Tweed Ring.

Pendleton Civil Reform Act

United States is a federal law established in 1883 that decided that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.

Haymarket Square Strike

turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police

Knights of Labor

a member of a 19th century secret labor organization formed in 1869 to secure and maintain the rights of workingmen in respect to their relations to their employers.

Helen Hunt Jackson/A Century of Dishonor

-American poet and writer who became an activist on behalf of improved treatment of Native Americans by the U.S. government.

-non-fiction book by Helen Hunt Jackson first published in 1881 that chronicled the experiences of Native Americans in the United States, focusing on injustices.

Jacob Riis/How the other half lives

-Danish-American social reformer, "muckraking" journalist and social documentary photographer.

-used to allude to the way of life of a different group in society, especially a wealthier one.

Lincoln Steffens/Shame of the Cities

-Lincoln Steffens, Steffens Example of: journalist. a writer for newspapers and magazines. Lincoln Steffens. the "Lincoln Steffens" family.

-book by Lincoln Steffens. Published in 1904, it is a collection of articles which Steffens had written for McClure's Magazine.

Ida Tarbell/History of Standard Oil

American teacher, author and journalist. She was one of the leading "muckrakers" of the progressive era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries

Ida B. Wells

was an African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, Georgist, and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement.

Booker T Washington/Tuskeegee Institute

-African-American educator of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, who headed Tuskegee Institute, a college for African-Americans in Alabama.

-founded by Washington, was the first institution of higher learning for African Americans

WEB DuBois/Niagara Movement

-African-American author and teacher who helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

-black civil rights organization founded in 1905 by a group led by W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, is a civil rights organization founded in 1909 to fight prejudice

NAWSA

National American Woman Suffrage Association was created by the merger of two existing organizations, the National Woman Suffrage Association

Women's Christian Temperance Union

An organization founded in the late nineteenth century in the United States that encouraged total abstinence from alcohol. It was one of the leading forces in bringing about prohibition.

Carrie Nation

An American woman who was a radical member of the temperance movement, which opposed alcohol before the advent of Prohibition.

Elkins Act

authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates.

Clayton Antitrust Act

amendment passed by the U.S. Congress in 1914 that provides further clarification and substance to the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890.

16th Amendment

allows the federal (United States) government to levy (collect) an income tax from all Americans

17th Amendment

established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states.

18th Amendment

effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal

19th Amendment

gave women right to vote 1920

Great Migration

movement of 6 million blacks out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest

Muckrakers

one who inquires into and publishes scandal and allegations of corruption among political and business leaders

upton sinclair/The Jungle

American novelists, exposed the deplorable conditions of the U.S. meat-packing industry.

Anthracite Coal Mine Strike

coal Strike of 1902 was a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the anthracite coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania . Striking miners demanded higher wages

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Manhattan, New York City on March 25, 1911 was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city

Americanization Movement

nationwide organized effort in the 1910s to bring millions of recent immigrants into the American cultural system.

Meat Inspection Act

Congress Act that works to prevent adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food and to ensure that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.

Pure Food and Drug Act

law passed in 1906 to remove harmful and misrepresented foods and drugs from the market and regulate the manufacture and sale of drugs and food involved in interstate trade.

Square Deal

a fair bargain or treatment.

Federal Reserve Act

establish a form of economic stability through the introduction of the Central Bank, which would be in charge of monetary policy, into the United States.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Supreme Court case from 1896 that upheld the rights of states to pass laws allowing or even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions such as schools, public transportation, restrooms, and restaurants.

Progressivism

broad philosophy based on the Idea of Progress, which asserts that advancement in science, technology, economic development, and social organization are vital to improve the human condition.

Theodore Roosevelt

1858-1919 the 26th US President (1901-9) and a member of the Republican Party. He led the Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War.