II Lecture Chapter 15 Short Answer/Discussion: Gynecological Procedures pp 340

when completing a marsupialization of a Bartholin cyst, what is the purpose of the marsupialization

distal obstruction of the duct can create painful irritation or infection

an infection can lead to an abcess which causes swelling, tenderness, erythema (superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilatation of the blood capillaries), pain, and discomfort

incision of a closed cavity with the suturing of the open edges to the wall of the wound to form an open wound that will heal by second intention

what is the difference between a radical and simple vulvectomy

simple vulvectomy is performed for benign or premalignant conditions of the vulva

radical vulvectomy involves groin exploration, removal of the lymph nodes, and a wide resection of the tissue

from previous discussions of laser treatments, why is ablation of condylomata considered a biohazardous procedure? what precautions must the staff take?

surgical plume is evacuated with care to prevent viral transmission; suction is used to evacuate the plume

what safety measures must be implemented when a laser is in use

Sterile water must be available to put out small fires

Portable halon fire extinguishers must be available for immediate use

The anesthesia provider must use a nonexplosive anesthetic agent

Wearing of specific laser safety goggles

Proper training

Warning signs posted

Appropriate barriers to protect others

Laser is off when not in use

By use of surgeon only

Aiming device used

Halon fire extinguisher available

Moist sponges (nothing dry on the field)

Plume evacuation and filtering in place

when performing an endometrial ablation, air or gas is not used to cool a laser fiber, nor is Hyskon (dextran solution) recommended for use. why? (endometrial ablation can be accomplished multiple ways via electrocautery with resectoscopes, hydrothermal [heated fluid], balloon therapy, radiofrequency ablation, [triangular mesh electrode], cryoablation, and microwave ablation)

when performing an endometrial ablation, air or gas is not used to cool a laser fiber due to the increased risk of causing an air or gas embolism; Hyskon is not used as it has electrolytes

what is the purpose of uterine radiation seeding

sealed radionuclide seeds are implanted temporarily or permanently to treat uterine cancer

define cystocele, and give two reasons why a cystocele may occur

cystoceles are associated with urinary incontinence

1) connective tissues and musculature that support the uterus become weak

2) this generally occurs after menopause and after multiple childbirths

list the drape components that are necessary to drape a patient in the lithotomy position. describe the draping sequence

one-piece drapes cover the legs while in stirrups

under-the-buttocks sheet

special drapes for each leg and stirrup

fenestrated sheet

what is used to manipulate the vaginal mucosa during the anterior colporrhaphy

Allis Adair clamps

what procedure is commonly performed with a colposcopy? what condition can be diagnosed?

rule out dysplasia (the presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue, which may signify a stage preceding the development of cancer) or cancer