DNA and Gene Expression Study Guide

A set of flashcards encapsulating key concepts related to DNA structure, transcription, translation, and genetic coding.

What is the structure of DNA?

A double helix made of nucleotides.

How does RNA compare to DNA structurally?

RNA is single-stranded and uses uracil instead of thymine.

What are the base pairing rules for DNA?

A-T, C-G.

What are the base pairing rules for RNA?

A-U, C-G.

Where does transcription occur?

In the nucleus.

What is formed during transcription?

mRNA.

Which enzyme is involved in transcription?

RNA polymerase.

What is the mRNA transcript for gene ATTCGCAT?

UAAGCGUA.

What is the complementary DNA for ATTCGCAT?

TAAGCGTA.

Which molecule determines amino acids?

mRNA.

What does mRNA do?

Carries code.

What does tRNA do?

Brings amino acids.

What is the role of rRNA?

Part of ribosome.

Why must DNA be transcribed?

DNA stays in nucleus; RNA leaves to make protein.

Where does translation occur?

In cytoplasm at ribosomes.

What is formed during translation?

Protein.

What molecules are involved in translation?

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.

What is a codon?

Three bases on mRNA.

What matches to a codon in the genetic code?

tRNA matches codon with an anticodon.

Is genetic code universal?

Yes, almost all organisms use the same genetic code.

What is a genome?

All DNA.

What is a chromosome?

DNA bundle.

What is a gene?

DNA for one protein.

Which is transcribed and translated: genome, chromosome, or gene?

Gene.

What is the mRNA made from DNA code CGT?

GCA.

What is the truth about DNA?

It holds instructions for making proteins.

Is DNA a universal blueprint for life?

True.

Which of the following is NOT true about translation?

DNA molecule carrying information leaves the nucleus.

If ribosomes are absent, which process cannot occur?

Translation.