[1.3.] Schools of Psychology

Functionalism

Function of thoughts and presents mind as an entity to be examined holistically (as a whole; interconnected)

Structuralism

Edward Titchener

Structuralism

human consciousness can be broken down into smaller parts

Structuralism

focuses on the basic elements of conscious experience

Structuralism

Uses “INTROSPECTION”

Functionalism

William James

Functionalism

focuses on the functions of consciousness on human behaviour

Functionalism

Utilizes the relationship between sensations and behaviour

Behaviorism

• John Watson

• Edward Thorndike

• Ivan Pavlov

• B.F. Skinner

Behaviorism

observable behaviour in which the environment determines one’s actions

Behaviorism

focuses on the influence of environment on human behaviour

Behaviorism

uses stimulus-response

Psychoanalysis

• Sigmund Freud

• Alfred Adler

• Carl Jung

Psychoanalysis

all have an “unconscious layer” to our minds that controls most of our thoughts and behaviours

Psychoanalysis

focuses on the role of unconscious on human behavior

Psychanalysis

utilizes Dreama Analysis

Humanism

• Abraham Maslow

• Carl Rogers

Humanism

actions and thoughts are governed by individual’s free will and capacity for development

Humanism

emotions and the innate desire to reach the best version of themselves

Humanism

uses self-actualization

Biological

• James Old

• Roger Sperry

Biological

human and animal behaviour can be explained through body structure and biochemical processes

Cognitive

• Jean Piaget

• Noam Chomsky

• Herbert Simon

Cognitive

analyzes how people acquire, store, and process information

• more on thought and mental processes