Hydrocarbons: Alkanes and Alkenes

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Flashcards covering key concepts related to the properties, structure, and reactions of alkanes and alkenes in hydrocarbons.

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13 Terms

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What are the two main types of hydrocarbons?

Aliphatic and Aromatic.

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What is the general formula for alkanes?

CnH2n+2.

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What are the two classifications of hydrocarbons based on saturation?

Saturated and Unsaturated.

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How are alkanes named according to IUPAC nomenclature?

By identifying the longest carbon chain and adding the suffix '-ane'.

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What is the boiling point trend for alkanes?

Boiling point increases with molecular weight.

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What is the phenomenon observed in alkanes starting from C4H10?

Chain isomerism.

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What is the general structure of cycloalkanes?

Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in rings, with the general formula CnH2n.

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What happens during the halogenation reaction of alkanes?

Alkenes react with halogens to produce haloalkanes.

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What is Saytzeff’s rule?

In an elimination reaction, the more stable, commonly most highly substituted alkene is the major product.

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What is Markovnikov's rule?

In the addition of HX to an alkene, the more electropositive atom attaches to the carbon with more hydrogen atoms.

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What type of reaction do alkenes undergo with O3 and Zn or H2O?

Ozonolysis.

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What is the purpose of Baeyer’s test?

To test for the presence of alkenes by observing the decolorization of purple KMnO4.

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