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Flashcards covering key concepts related to the properties, structure, and reactions of alkanes and alkenes in hydrocarbons.
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What are the two main types of hydrocarbons?
Aliphatic and Aromatic.
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2.
What are the two classifications of hydrocarbons based on saturation?
Saturated and Unsaturated.
How are alkanes named according to IUPAC nomenclature?
By identifying the longest carbon chain and adding the suffix '-ane'.
What is the boiling point trend for alkanes?
Boiling point increases with molecular weight.
What is the phenomenon observed in alkanes starting from C4H10?
Chain isomerism.
What is the general structure of cycloalkanes?
Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in rings, with the general formula CnH2n.
What happens during the halogenation reaction of alkanes?
Alkenes react with halogens to produce haloalkanes.
What is Saytzeff’s rule?
In an elimination reaction, the more stable, commonly most highly substituted alkene is the major product.
What is Markovnikov's rule?
In the addition of HX to an alkene, the more electropositive atom attaches to the carbon with more hydrogen atoms.
What type of reaction do alkenes undergo with O3 and Zn or H2O?
Ozonolysis.
What is the purpose of Baeyer’s test?
To test for the presence of alkenes by observing the decolorization of purple KMnO4.