Chapter 2: Communications vocab

Accent

Variations in pronunciation; The emphasis or stress on various syllables.

Acculturation

The process by which one culture is modified or changed through contact with or exposure to another culture.

Ambiguity tolerance

A characteristic of culture referring to the degree to which members of a culture feel comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty.

Cisgender

An adjective describing people whose sex and gender identity are similar. Opposed to transgender.

Collectivist culture

A culture in which the groups goals are giving greater importance than the individuals and in which for example, benevolence, Tradition, and conformity are given special emphasis. Opposite of individualists culture.

Cultural appreciation

Understanding and appreciating the contributions and artifacts of another culture. Often opposed to cultural appropriation.

Cultural appropriation

Taking or using something(Music, dress, hair, hairstyles, or, Native American, jewelry, for example) From a culture that is not your own for your own benefit. Often opposed to cultural appreciation.

Cultural assimilation

The process by which people lead behind their culture of organ and take on the values and Beliefs of another culture, as when, for example, immigrants give up their native culture to become members of their new adopted culture.

Culture

The lifestyle of a group of people; Their values, beliefs, artifacts, waves of behaving, and ways of communicating. Culture includes everything that members of a Social group have produced and developed— their language, ways of thinking, art, laws, and religion—-And that is transmitted from one generation to the next through communication rather than genes.

Culture shock

The reactions people experience at being in a culture very different from their own and from what they are used to.

Dialect

Variations in a language, mainly in grammar, and semantics; dialects are mutually intelligible, Unlike different languages, which are mutually unintelligible.

Enculturation

The process by which culture is transmitted from one generation to the next.

Ethnic identity

The commitment to the beliefs and philosophy of one’s culture; The degree to which a person identifies with their cultural group.

Ethnicity

A social construct that groups people into categories, usually based on their country of origin, language, and often religion.

Ethnocentrism

The tendency to see others and their behaviors through your own cultural filters, often as distortions of your own behaviors; The tendency to evaluate the values and beliefs of your own culture more positively than those of another culture.

Feminine culture

A culture that encourages people to be modest, oriented to maintaining the quality of life, and tender. Feminine cultures, emphasize the quality of life and so socialize their people to be modest and to empathize close interpersonal relationships. Opposite of Masculine Culture.

Gender

A social construct that categorize people into masculine, feminine, masculine/feminine, Intersex, or transgender, for example

Gender identity

A persons self perception, as a male, female, neither, or both

High context culture

A culture in which much of the information and communication messages is left implied; It’s “understood”. Much information is considered to be in the context or in the person rather than explicitly coded in the verbal messages. Collectivist cultures Are generally high context. Opposite of low context culture.

High power distance culture

A culture in which power is concentrated in the hands of a few, and there’s a great difference between the power held by these people and the power of the ordinary citizen.

Individualist culture

A culture in which the individuals rather than the groups goals and preferences are given greater importance. Opposite of collectivist culture.

Indulgence

A cultural orientation that emphasizes the gratification of desires and a focus on having fun and enjoying life. Opposite of restraint.

Intercultural communication

Communication that takes place between persons of different cultures, or between persons who have different cultural beliefs, values, or ways of behaving.

Intersex

A person who is born with sexual anatomy that does not fit neatly into the male or female category.

Long-term orientation

A cultural orientation that promotes the importance of future rewards; For example, members of these cultures are more apt To save for the future and to prepare for the future academically. Opposite of short-term orientation.

Low context culture

A culture in which most of the information in communication is explicitly stated in the verbal message rather than being left implied or assumed to be “ Understood”. Low context cultures are usually individualist cultures. Opposite of high context culture.

Low power distance culture

A culture in which power is relatively evenly distributed throughout the citizenry.

masculine Culture

A culture that views men as assertive, oriented to material success, and strong; masculine cultures, emphasize success, and soul socialize their people to be assertive, ambitious, and competitive. Opposite of feminine culture.

Power distance

The degree to which differences in power exist among a people.

Race

A social construct classifying a group of people into various categories, usually on the basis of a common heredity Or common physical traits.

Restraint

A cultural orientation that fosters the curbing of immediate gratification and regulates It by social norms. Opposite of indulgence.

Sex

The biological designation of people based on their sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

Short term orientation

A cultural dimension in which people look more to the past and the present; These cultural members spend their resources for the present and want quick results from their efforts. Opposite of long-term orientation.

Social constructs

A socially determined classification; One that is not natural or biological in origin.

Stereotype

In communication, a fixed impression of a group of people through which we then perceive specific individuals. Stereotypes are most of the negative and may also be positive.

Transgender

An adjective describing people whose sex and gender identity are different. Opposed to cisgender.