Historical Foundations of Physical Education and Sport

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts in the historical foundations of physical education and sport.

Sport History

A discipline that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s, examining how the past shapes sport and its experiences today.

Olympic Games

Ancient Greek games held every four years in honor of Zeus, emphasizing competitors' skills and cultural interaction.

Arête

The pursuit of excellence in ancient Greek culture, central to athletic training and competition.

Pentathlon

An Olympic event consisting of five disciplines: race, javelin, long jump, discus, and wrestling.

Pankration

A combination of boxing and wrestling in the ancient Olympic Games, with limited rules.

Physical Fitness Movement

A response to the Second World War highlighting the importance of physical fitness, leading to initiatives like the President’s Council on Fitness.

Title IX

A legislation passed in 1972 that prohibits discrimination based on sex in education programs and activities, significantly impacting women's sports.

Golden Twenties

A decade characterized by a shift towards developing physical education programs focused on the holistic development of individuals.

Recreational Programs

Programs aimed at providing leisure activities, notably expanded during economic downturns to support the unemployed.

Special Olympics

An organization founded in 1968 to provide sports training and competition for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

American Athletic Union (AAU)

An organization formed to oversee amateur sports in the United States, enhancing organized competition.

Educational gymnastics

Gymnastics focused on holistic individual development, integrating science with physical education.

Equestrian Events

Olympic competitions that included chariot and horse racing, emphasizing skill and speed.

Discus Throw

An event in which athletes throw a heavy disc for distance, originally made of stone or metal.

Gladiatorial Contests

Popular blood sports in ancient Rome where combatants fought to the death, reflecting cultural attitudes towards athleticism.

Health-Related Fitness

Focus on overall health and physical activity rather than just performance-related fitness, gaining importance in modern education.

Women in Sports

Rapid growth of women's participation in sports since Title IX, leading to increased opportunities and challenges.

Physical Education Curriculum

The structured physical education programs in schools aimed at promoting health, fitness, and social responsibility.