GR10 Review: Movements of the 20th Century & Related Topics (MAPEH, Health, and Art Curricula)

A comprehensive set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering movements in 20th-century music and art, key figures, related concepts, and health/fitness topics from the notes.

Impressionism

A late 19th-century musical movement focused on mood and color, deviating from traditional harmony to create overlapping, indirect musical colors.

Debussy

French composer known as the Father of the modern school of composition; expanded harmony, rhythm, texture, form, and color.

Claire de Lune

A famous piano work by Claude Debussy.

Maurice Ravel

French composer noted for refined, innovative harmony and color; Jeux d'eau (Water Fountains) is one of his works.

Expressionism

Movement emphasizing emotion over physical reality; features atonality, twelve-tone techniques, dissonance, dynamic contrasts, and angular melodies.

Einstein on the Beach

Famous stage composition by Philip Glass, associated with minimalist/avant-garde opera theater.

Modern Nationalism

Use of musical ideas or motifs tied to a country or ethnicity, often using folk sources.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

Russian nationalist composer, member of The Five, renowned for orchestration; Flight of the Bumblebee is among his works.

Flight of the Bumblebee

A concert piece by Rimsky-Korsakov illustrating rapid orchestral color and motivation.

Electronic Music

Music created with electronic instruments and technology (synthesizers, tape, computers) and sometimes electroacoustic methods.

Musique Concrète

Music made with recorded real-world sounds (environmental noises) manipulated and arranged on tape.

Pierre Schaeffer

Founder of Musique Concrète; called the Father of Musique Concrete; notable work includes Symphony for One Man Only.

Edgard Varèse

Pioneering composer known as the Father of Electronic Music; emphasized timbre and rhythm; coined ‘organized sound’.

Ionisation

One of Varèse’s notable compositions.

Chance Music

Also called aleatoric music; elements like pitch, rhythm, or form are left to chance.

John Cage

American composer and theorist; innovator of indeterminacy and electroacoustic music; 4'33" is a famous work.

Twelve-tone (Serial) Technique

A compositional system developed by Schoenberg using a series of all 12 tones to organize pitch.

Arnold Schoenberg

Pioneer of the twelve-tone system; helped develop atonality; Pierrot Lunaire is among his major works.

Pierrot Lunaire

Atonal cycle by Schoenberg illustrating expressionist style.

Neo-Classicism

A 20th-century style that is light and formal, uses diatonic scales, tonal harmony with mild dissonance, and often three-movement forms.

Igor Stravinsky

Influential modernist composer known for meter changes and rhythmic innovation; The Rite of Spring is a landmark work.

Béla Bartók

Hungarian composer/ethnomusicologist who integrated folk music; Romanian Folk Dances is among his notable works.

Avant-Garde

Radical, experimental art/music that challenges established conventions.

George Gershwin

American composer/pianist blending popular, jazz, and classical styles; often called the Father of American Jazz.

Leonard Bernstein

American conductor/composer; notable for West Side Story and international acclaim as a conductor.

Philip Glass

American minimalist composer known for repetitive, layered musical structures; influential in late 20th century.

Post-Impressionism

Art movement that extended Impressionism with geometric forms, fragmented objects, and non-natural colors leading to Expressionism.

Fauvism

French movement led by Matisse; bold, vivid colors and simplified forms, named after ‘wild beasts’.

Surrealism

Art movement depicting illogical, dreamlike imagery that challenges reality.

Dadaism

Anti-art movement embracing nonsense and nonconformity, often using nontraditional materials.

Social Realism

Art focused on social injustices and human conditions, often with political critique.

Cubism

Art movement named for its geometric forms; subjects broken into planes and reconstructed on the canvas.

Futurism

Art movement celebrating speed, machinery, and modern urban life; dynamic, kinetic imagery.

Mechanical Style

Artistic style emphasizing precise, neat assembly of basic geometric forms.

Abstract Painting

Art form focusing on non-representational shapes and color, emphasizing emotion and ideas.

Color Field Painting

Abstract style using large fields of flat, solid color to convey emotion.

Non-Objectivism

Art that avoids recognizable objects; uses lines, shapes, and color for balance and unity.

Abstract Expressionism

New York School movement highlighting spontaneous, large-scale abstract forms and emotional intensity.

Pop Art

Art movement drawing from popular and mass media imagery; crossovers with consumer culture.

OP Art

Optical art; uses precise lines and colors to create visual illusions of movement.

Installation Art

Art that uses space and materials in immersive, often large-scale, environments.

Conceptual Art

Art where idea takes precedence over material form; temporary or unconventional media.

Performance Art

Art where action by the artist or group constitutes the work; can occur anywhere.

Health-Related Physical Fitness

Ability to become and stay physically healthy; prevention-focused and wellbeing-oriented.

Cardiovascular Fitness

Heart and circulatory system’s efficiency in delivering oxygen during sustained activity.

Muscular Strength and Endurance

Muscle’s maximal force output and its ability to sustain effort over time.

Flexibility

Range of motion available at a joint.

Body Composition

Ratio of fat to lean body mass; BMI is a common calculation: weight/height^2.

BMI Classifications

Underweight <18.5; Normal 18.6-24.9; Overweight 25-29.9; Obese ≥30.

Power (Skill-Related Fitness)

Ability to exert force quickly; rapid, explosive movements (e.g., standing long jump).

Speed

Ability to move the body rapidly from one location to another.

Agility

Ability to change body position quickly and efficiently.

Coordination

Integration of senses with body parts to perform smooth motor tasks.

Reaction Time

Time elapsed between stimulus and initiation of movement.

Balance

Maintaining an upright posture and equilibrium during movement.

Lifestyles

Ways a person lives daily, including routines, nutrition, activity, and habits.

Weight Management

Balancing energy expenditure and intake to gain, lose, or maintain weight.

Energy Expenditure

Energy spent through physical activity and metabolism.

Energy Intake

Energy consumed through food and beverages.

Non-Communicable Diseases

Diseases not transmitted person-to-person (e.g., heart disease, cancer); major global mortality.

Food Pyramid

A guide to healthy eating showing recommended proportions of food groups.

Health Information

Knowledge about health from various sources to guide decisions.

Reliable Health Information

Information from licensed professionals and accredited sources.

Unreliable Health Information

Information lacking credible authorization or evidence.

DOH (Department of Health) Herbal Medicines

Traditional Filipino remedies officially recognized for common ailments.

Akapulko

Herbal medicine used for ringworm and fungal skin infections.

Ampalaya

Herbal remedy used for non-insulin-dependent diabetes management.

Bawang

Garlic-based remedy used for blood pressure control.

Bayabas

Antiseptic plant used to disinfect wounds.

Lagundi

Herbal medicine used for cough and asthma symptoms.

Sambong

Herbal medicine used for kidney/urinary issues, such as stones.

TsaANG-Gubat

Herbal plant used in traditional medicine; uses vary, often for GI or inflammation.

Pansit-Pansitan

Herbal medicine used in Filipino traditional practice for health conditions.

Yerba Buena

Herbal medicine used for various ailments; common traditional uses include pain relief.

Quackery

Health fraud; promotion or sale of unsafe, unproven medical products or services.

PITAHC

Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Healthcare; DOH body for traditional medicine.

Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (RA 8423)

Legislation establishing and governing traditional and alternative healthcare in the Philippines.