Catholic Reformation + Protestant Reformation

Catholic Church ignored the Protestant movement (3)

• Reformers convince the pope of the drastic need for change 

• emphasis on spiritual matters

• Campaign to stop the spread of Protestantism

Inquisition (2)

• Putting accused heretics on trail- punishment included burning at state 

• Pope Paul III brought to Rome

Pope Paul IV

Established the Index of Forbidden Books Catholics

Define Catholic Doctrine (4)

• End sold indulgences 

• Met 3 times to define Churchs official position on matters of doctrine

• Supported Catholic beliefs rejected by Protestants

• Salvation came from Ceremonial church actions as well as faith

Founded by Ignatius de Loyola (4)

• Efective in spreading catholicism

• Salvation achieved by good deeds

• Stressed education (founded best colleges in Europe)

• Humanist values + Catholic doctrine

Results of the Reformation (6)

• More churches throughout Europe

•  France + the Netherlands had more protestants

• Strong interest in education

  • Education didn't bring great tolerance for new ideas

• Increase of power in national governments

• No tolerance

• Luther’s Protest

• Challenged Tetzel - catholic church

• Posted his 95 theses on a church door

• He considered himself a reformer working from within the church.

Martin Luther

• Did not approve of the church’s methods of overcoming sin

• Developed beliefs that became Lutheranism

  • Inner faith in God was what counted

  • “Justification by grace through faith”

• Humanist argued that the Catholic Church lost sight of its spiritual mission. (4)

• This would lead to a religious revolution known as the Reformation

  • Causes

    • Northern Humanists maintained that the church was more interested in its income than saving souls

• Urged people to withdraw from the church

The Beginning (5)

• The first with the Roman Catholic Church took place in what is now Germany

• Pope Leo X sent Johann Tetzel to raise                                           funds in northern German states

• Rebuilding St. Peter Basilica

• Sold indulgences to raise the funds 
  

  • The misuse of indulgences outraged northern humanists

Break with the Church

• Luther claimed the Bible was the sole religious authority

• “ “Priesthood of all beleivers   ”  ”

• Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic

• Diet of Worms

  • Holy Roman Emperor Charles V                                    commanded Luther to abandon his ideas

• Frederick the Wise protected Luther

• Luther translated the Bible into German 

Protestantism

• Charles V continued to try and block Lutheranism

• Protests supporting Lutheranism continued

• Reformers came to be known as Protestants. 

• Christians fully capable of interpreting texts

• Christians were fully capable of interpreting and understanding scripture for themselves. 

The Spread of Protestantism

• Reformers appeared who criticized both the Roman Catholic Church and the Lutheran church

• In 1546 Charles V sent his forces against the Protestants princes in Germany

• Peace of Augsburg (1555)

  • Each prince could choose their own religion for their province 

  • Subjects had to accept decision or move away.

  • Almost all of German princes chose Luther’s faith

The Rise of Sects

• In England, King Henry VIII caused the break from the Catholic Church

  • Wanted to divorce his wife,                                                Catherine of Aragon

• No tradition of ruling Queen

• Wanted to marry Anne Boleyn

• Pope Clement VII refused 

• New laws adopted creating the new Church of England

Anglican Church

• Granted Henry VII his divorce

• Paved the way for the Protestant Reformation in England

Calvinism

• Huldrych Zwingli: vicar at the Cathedral in Zurich, Switzerland

  • Calling for reform

  • Met with Luther but disagreed on                                             points such as the use of religious symbols

  • 1531 he died in a battle between Catholics                                 and Protestants. 

• John Calvin continued Zwingli’s work

Calvin’s Church

• The Institutes of the Christian Religion

  • Explain what the faithful should believe

  • Had a code that strengthened them against opposition

• Emphasized Predestination

• Calvin moved to Geneva where the state became a theocracy