Section 2: Computational Thinking

Georgia Polya’s problem-solving method consists of:

a. understand the problem	b. devising a plan
c. brainstorming solutions	d. executing the plan
e. reviewing the solution	f. translating the solutions into code

a. understand the problem

b. devising a plan

d. executing the plan

e. reviewing the solution.

What strategies are suggested by Georgia Polya’s problem-solving list?

a. look for solutions	b. brainstorming
c. ask questions	d. look for familiar things
e. divide and conquer	f. algorithms

c. ask questions

d. look for familiar things

e. divide and conquer

f. algorithms

In this strategy suggested by Georga Polya’s problem-solving list, you ask questions until what you are able to do is clear. Ask when, why, and where.

Ask Questions.

In this strategy suggested by Georga Polya’s problem-solving list, if a solution exists, use it. If you’ve solved the same or a similar problem before, repeat the successful solution.

Look for Familiar Things

In this strategy suggested by Georga Polya’s problem-solving list, you break up a larger problem into smaller units that we can handle. This approach applies the concept of abstraction.

Divide and Conquer.

In this strategy suggested by Georga Polya’s problem-solving list, you obtain a plan of the solution.

Algorithms

A set of instructions for solving a problem or subproblem in a finite amount of time using a finite amount of data.

Algorithm

What are the 4 phases of the computer problem-solving process?

a. the logic phase	b. the analysis and specification phase
c. the algorithm development phase	d. the responsibility algorithm phase
e. the implementation phase	f. the maintenance phase

b. the analysis and specification phase

c. the algorithm development phase

e. the implementation phase

f. the maintenance phase

What is the output of the analysis and specification phase of the computer problem-solving process?

a. a clearly written problem statement

b. a plan for a general solution to the problem.

c. a working computer program that implements the algorithm.

d. there is no output, unless errors are detected, or changes need to be made.

a. a clearly written problem statement

What is the output of the algorithm development phase of the computer problem-solving process?

a. a clearly written problem statement

b. a plan for a general solution to the problem.

c. a working computer program that implements the algorithm.

d. there is no output, unless errors are detected, or changes need to be made.

b. a plan for a general solution to the problem.

What is the output of the implementation phase of the computer problem-solving process?

a. a clearly written problem statement

b. a plan for a general solution to the problem.

c. a working computer program that implements the algorithm.

d. there is no output, unless errors are detected, or changes need to be made.

c. a working computer program that implements the algorithm.

What is the output of the maintenance phase of the computer problem-solving process?

a. a clearly written problem statement

b. a plan for a general solution to the problem.

c. a working computer program that implements the algorithm.

d. there is no output, unless errors are detected, or changes need to be made.

d. there is no output, unless errors are detected, or changes need to be made.

What phase of the computer problem-solving process does the following describe?

Analysis/Analyze	examine and understand the problem thoroughly to identify its requirements, constraints, and objectives.
Specification	Specify the problem that the program is to solve.

Analysis and specification phase

What phase of the computer problem-solving process does the following describe?

Develop Algorithm	Develop a logical sequence of steps to be used to solve the problem.
Test Algorithm	Follow the steps as outlined to see if the solutions truly solves the problem.

The algorithm development phase

What phase of the computer problem-solving process does the following describe?

Code	Translate the algorithm (the general solution) into a programming language.
Test	Have the computer follow the instructions.

The Implementation Phase

What phase of the computer problem-solving process does the following describe?

Use	Use the program.
Maintain	Modify the program to meet changing requirements to correct any errors.

The Maintenance Phase

Writing code or programming to execute the designed solution using a specific programming language or tool.

Implementation.

What cycle do the following 7 steps describe?

• understand the program.

• plan the logic.

• code the program.

• use the software to translate the program into machine language.

• test the program.

• put the program into production.

• maintain the program.

a. the computer problem-solving cycle	b. the program development cycle
c. George Polya’s problem-solving cycle	d. the design methodology cycle

b. the program development cycle

Consists of all the supporting paperwork for a program; it might include items such as original requests for the program from users, sample out, and descriptions of the data items available for output.

Documentation.

The heart of the programming process lies in which step of the program development process?

a. understand the problem	b. put the program into production
c. maintain the program	d. planning the logic

d. planning the logic

During this phase of the process, the programmer plans the steps of the program, deciding what steps to include and how to order them.

a. plan the logic	b. understand the problem
c. coding the program	d. write the code

a. plan the logic

During this phase, programmers must first understand what the user wants and what the desired result is.

a. plant the logic	b. write the code
c. understand the problem	d. put the program into production

c. understand the problem

What are two common planning tools to help plan the solution to a problem?

a. flowcharts	c. algorithms
c. pseudocode	d. implementation

a. flowcharts

c. pseudocode

The process of walking through a program’s logic on paper before you actually write the program.

a. pseudocode	b. desk-checking
c. documentation	d. algorithm

b. desk-checking

The programmer can do this step only after the logic is developed.

a. put the program into production	b. maintain the program
c. code the program	d. translate the code

c. code the program

A type of programming language designed to be easy for humans to read and write.

a. pseudocode	b. high-level programming
c. subprograms (functions)	d. object-oriented programming

b. high-level programming

Machine language is an example of a ________, which is a type of programming language closer to the machine’s native language.

a. high-level programming	b. subprograms (functions)
c. low-level programming	d. pseudocode

c. low-level programming

After a program is free of syntax errors, the programmer can _____ —that is, execute it with some sample data to see whether the results are logically correct.

a. test the program	b. plan the logic
c. put the program into production	d. translate the code

a. test the program

What are the steps in the program development cycle in order?

maintain the program	test the program	understand the program
code the program	put the program into production	plan the logic
use the software to translate the program into machine language

1. Understand the problem 

2. Plan the logic. 

3. Code the program. 

4. Use the software (a compiler or interpreter) to translate the program into machine language. 

5. Test the program. 

6. Put the program into production. 

7. Maintain the program.

The process of identifying and fixing errors or “bugs” in the code that cause unexpected behavior or incorrect results.

Debugging

___________ means simply running the program once it is written to satisfy a user’s request for a special list.

a. coding the program	c. testing the program
b. translate the program	d. putting the program into production

d. putting the program into production

The entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs.

Conversion

After programs are put into production, making necessary changes is called ____.

Maintenance

All the improvements and corrections made to a program after it is in production.

Maintenance

There are two major organizations in computing:

a. The Institute of Computing and Electrical Machinery (ICEM)	b. The Association of Computing Machinery (ACM)
c. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)	d. The Association of Electronics Engineers (AEE)

b. The Association of Computing Machinery (ACM)

c. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

An item that can belong to someone (a person or company).

a. patent	b. trademark
c. property	d. copyright

c. property

Can belong to someone and can be touched, like a car, house, land, or computer.

a. property	b. tangible property
c. intellectual property	d. patent

b. tangible property

Can belong to someone but is a creation of the human mind, like a song, slogan, or an invention, and is protectable by law.

a. property	b. tangible property
c. intellectual property	d. patent

c. intellectual property

Three main forms of intellectual property protection under the law

a. copyright	b. fair use
c. trademark	d. patent

a. copyright

c. trademark

d. patent

A ______ grants the creator or owner of an original work (song, play, book, etc.) exclusive rights to utilize and authorize use of the work.

a. copyright	b. patent
c. trademark	d. fair use

a. copyright

True or False: If the creator works for a company at the time of creation, the copyright may belong to the company.

True.

How long does a copyright exist for?

a. 25 - 50 years after the creator’s death	b. 50 - 100 years after the creator’s death
c. 20 - 40 years after the creator’s death	d. 10 - 20 years after the creator’s death

b. 50 - 100 after the creator’s death

A legal exception to a copyright that allows limited use of copyrighted materials without receiving permission from the rights holders.

a. trademark	b. copyright
c. fair use	d. patent

c. fair use

True or False: A trademark can be registered or unregistered.

True.

A mark officially registered with the government.

a. patent	b. copyright
b. fair use	d. trademark

d. trademark

For an invention to qualify for a _____, the governing body must find the invention to be novel (new), useful, non-obvious, and undisclosed to the public prior to the application being submitted.

a. patent	b. trademark
b. fair use	d. copyright

a. patent

Unauthorized copy, distribution, or sale of a copyrighted work.

a. file sharing	b. fraud
c. piracy	d. malware

c. piracy

The practice of distributing digital media.

a. file sharing	b. fraud
c. piracy	d. malware

a. file sharing

A common method of file sharing where members of a network share data between themselves.

a. piracy	b. peer-to-peer (P2P) networks
c. data breaches	d. file sharing

b. peer-to-peer (P2P) networks

Undesired software that is typically installed without a user’s knowledge and is typically bad for the computer or user.

a. piracy	b. extortion
c. malware	d. data breaches

c. malware

Any crime involving a computer and network.

Cybercrime

A theft of information used to identify an individual (such as SSN), typically used financial gain.

Identity Theft

A form of deception, typically used for financial gain or personal gain.

Fraud

When secure or classified information is assessed by someone unauthorized to do so.

Data Breaches

Conducting deals or trades in an illegal commodity, such as drugs, weapons, or people.

Trafficking

Obtaining something, typically money, by making threats.

Extortion

Malicious software used to infect users’ devices with viruses, trojans, spyware, etc.

Malware.

Offensive repetitive behavior, typically used to upset or intimidate someone.

Harassment

The willful use of electronic technology to repeatedly threaten, abuse, or dominate others, often anonymously.

Cyberbullying

Which commitment is part of the Code of Ethics from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)?

a. know and respect existing rules pertaining to professional work	b. design and implement systems that are robustly and usably secure
c. hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public	d. promote new technologies through mainstream and other media

c. hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public

What is one of the key aspects of the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) Code of Ethics?

a. support all new and emerging technologies	b. contribute to society and human well-being
c. ensure equal access to a free market	d. promote state regulation of technology

b. contribute to society and human well-being

A free software license allowing users to run, shared, and modify software as long as all software copies included the GNU GPL license terms and the copyright notice.

a. GNU General Public License (GNU GPL)	b. MIT License
c. Creative Commons License (CC)	d. Public Domain

a. GNU General Public License (GNU GPL)

A ____ means any derivative works must use the same license.

a. GNU General Public License (GNU GPL)	b. MIT License
c. Creative Commons License (CC)	d. Copyleft License

d. Copyleft License

A copyright license that allows free use and distribution of a copyrighted work.

a. GNU General Public License (GNU GPL)	b. MIT License
c. Creative Commons License (CC)	d. Public Domain

c. Creative Commons License (CC)

A free software license originating MIT that allows users to reuse software as long as software copies include the MIT license terms and copyright notice.

a. GNU General Public License (GNU GPL)	b. MIT License
c. Creative Commons License (CC)	d. Public Domain

b. MIT License

A state of being where works are freely available to the public, meaning the works are not/no longer copyrighted.

a. GNU General Public License (GNU GPL)	b. MIT License
c. Creative Commons License (CC)	d. Public Domain

d. Public Domain

An independent author is releasing a novel under a license that allows free use and distribution of the book, as long as the distribution is non-commercial and credit is given to the original author.

a. GNU general public license (GNU GPL)	b. MIT License
c. Creative Commons License (CC)	d. Public Domain

c. Creative Commons License (CC)