Review Flashcards on Reproduction and Heredity

Flashcards to review key vocabulary and concepts related to asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, heredity, and genetics, based on lecture notes.

Sexual Reproduction

Type of reproduction in which genetic material from two different cells (egg and sperm) combine during fertilization to form a zygote.

Asexual Reproduction

Type of reproduction that produces offspring from one parent only and does not require an egg and sperm.

Mitotic Cell Division (Mitosis)

Asexual reproduction that occurs in eukaryotes.

Self-Pollination

Type of sexual reproduction in plants involving the joining of egg and sperm cells from the same plant.

Stamen

Male part of the plant that contains pollen (sperm).

Pistil

Female part of the plant, a tube leading to the ovary with a sticky top for pollen attachment.

Ovary

Female part of the plant that holds the eggs.

Egg

Female sex cell.

Pollen (Sperm)

Male sex cell.

Gametes

Term referring to sex cells (eggs and sperm).

Cross-Pollination

When pollen from one plant fertilizes the eggs of a different plant; a type of sexual reproduction in plants.

DNA

Major component of chromosomes, appearing as a twisted ladder.

Chromosomes

Composed of proteins and DNA

holds all of the genes that give information to your cells about what you are going to look like

Found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells or loose in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells

humans have 46 in body cells and 23 in sex cells.

Gene

You carry 2 copies for every trait

Allele

Different forms of a gene (e.g., wrinkled vs. round peas).

Unicellular

Organisms composed of only one cell.

Multicellular

Organisms composed of many cells.

DNA Replication

forms 2 identical strands of DNA.

Heredity

The passing of genes from parent to offspring

Genetics

The study of heredity.

Dominance

when one trait is stronger than the other trait

Recessive

The weaker of two traits, represented by lowercase letters.

Dominant

The stronger of two traits, represented by uppercase letters.

if both allele are the same then it’s called…

Homozygous/Purebred/Truebreeding

When the copy of each allele of a gene is different then it’s called a ..

heterozygous or a hybrid

Punnet square

Gives you an idea of the probability of having a specific genotype and phenotype in the offspring

Genotype

All of the genes that an organism has for a particular trait.

Phenotype

How an organism looks based on its genetics.

Sickles cell anemia

Disorder where red blood cells look like quarter moons and therefore cannot hold enough oxygen