American Republic Ch. 2

Joint-Stock Companies

• Pooled their money to form their company

• Sold stocks to others and invested money into the colony

• Paid for the formation and maintenance of the colony

• Profits are split among the investors

Charter Colonies

Colonies governed by a charter granted by the king to joint-stock companies.

Proprietary Colonies

Colonies given by the king to individuals or groups.

Royal Colonies

Colonies that the king had direct control over.

Anglican Church

The church of England (similar to Catholic church except that the king is the head)

Sepratists

Group that chose to separate themselves from the Anglican Church and hold their own worship services.

Puritans

Members of the Anglican Church who hoped to purify it of Roman Catholic practices and ceremonies.

Pilgrims

A group of Separatists that left Europe and went to the New World, establishing Plymouth Colony.

Mayflower Compact

Agreement the Pilgrims made for establishing the first self-government in the New World.

Plymouth

Settled By: Dutch-English separatists called Pilgrims

Important Fact: Signed the Mayflower Compact which established the first self-government in the New World.

Squanto

a. English-speaking Indian

b. Helped develop agriculture and built peaceful relations between the Pilgrims and Indians.

William Bradford

a. Became the governor of Plymouth in 1620

b. His wise and godly leadership helped guide the Pilgrims through many difficulties in the early months as well as the following years.

Massachusetts Bay Company

Colony established by Puritans in 1630.

John Winthrop

a. The first governor of Massachusetts Bay who told the Puritans to be a “city upon a hill.”

Roger Williams

a. Man who, at first, held unpopular opinions about religion and government

b. Took refuge with the Narragansett Indians after being kicked out of Massachusetts by the Puritans; founded the colony of Rhode Island.

Thomas Hooker

a. Pastor in Newtowne, Massachusetts who moved his congregation to Connecticut and founded Hartford.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

The first written constitution in America.

Henry Hudson

a. Englishman who explored for both England and the Netherlands

b. Discovered the Hudson River and gave the Dutch claim to the region called New Netherland.

New Netherland

The Dutch region that eventually became the colony of New York.

Settled By: Dutch mercantile trading groups

Important Fact: Peacefully transferred ownership from the Dutch to the Duke of York of England.

Mercantilism

Economic system that measured wealth by how much gold and silver a nation possessed.

Quakers

Known as the Society of Friends; group that separated from the Anglican Church; “tremble[d] at the word of the Lord; viewed all people as equal; believed that everyone has an “inner light” telling them God’s will instead of the Bible

William Penn

a. Quaker who was a member of a wealthy English family

b. Received land from the king in order to pay a debt; founded Pennsylvania

Cecilius Calvert

a. Son of the English George Calvert; the second Lord Baltimore; proprietor of Maryland

b. founded the colony of Maryland and led the first settlers who were there.

Act of Toleration

Guaranteed religious freedom in Maryland to all who believed in the Trinity; first written law of religious freedom in the colonies.

James Oglethorpe

a. English general who asked to found a colony; founded Georgia with the intention of the colony being a space for debtors to repay their debt instead of serving jail time.

What Colony?

New England: Massachusetts

What Colony?

New England: Plymouth

What Colony?

New England: Rhode Island

What Colony?

New England: Connecticut

What Colony?

New England: New Hampshire

What Colony?

Middle Colony: New York

What Colony?

Middle Colony: New Jersey

What Colony?

Middle Colony: Pennsylvania

What Colony?

Middle Colony: Delaware

What Colony?

Southern Colony: Virginia

What Colony?

Southern Colony: Maryland

What Colony?

Southern Colony: North Carolina