Napoleon Bonaparte, Congress of Vienna, & Latin American Revolution

Napoleonic Code

He issued a comprehensive set of laws called the _________ That provided order, freedom of religion, and eliminated privileges by estates  

Coup d’etat

 Napoleon stagged a _________ (overthrow) of the French republic and assumed power as dictator

Continental System

The one nation Napoleon couldn't defeat was England, he ordered a blockade, called the __________ to cut off all trade with England

Battle of Waterloo

Only 100 days after Napoleon’s return, he built a new army but was defeated by European coalition at __________ in 1815

Exile

In 1814, the weakened French army was defeated; Napoleon surrendered, was forced to give up his throne, and was ______ to the island of Elba

Nationalism

1848, a surge of ______ swept through Europe which sparked revolutions for democracy and the formation of new nations

How did Napoleon rise to power in France after the French Revolution

Napoleon's successful defeats in the military made him become a military hero, but the republic lost the confidence of the citizens. Napoleon staged a coup d’etat in the French Republic and assumed power as dictator.

What changes did Napoleon make in France through the Napoleonic Code

order, freedom of religion, and eliminated privileges.

How did Napoleon’s reforms affect education, the economy, and the government

He created reforms that ended the financial crisis and unequal class system and made public schools and a law code

How did Napoleon expand the French Empire across Europe

military victories, annexing territories, creating satellite states, and placing allies on thrones

Why did Napoleon’s invasion of Russia fail, and how did it lead to his downfall

Due to the scorched earth policy: Russia, not have the weapons to go to battle with Napoleon’s army, instead, Russia would lore its enemies in and burn everything leaving the French with only the supplies they came with and the cold conditions. Forcing Napoleon to retreat. Once the weakened French army was defeated Napoleon surrendered and was forced to give up his throne.

What was the significance of the battle of Waterloo in Napoleon’s career

exile to the island of st. itetena where he died after 6 years

How did Napoleon’s rule change Europe politically, socially, and legally

His massive empire brought glory to the French people, his rise as emperor needed the Enlightened ideas of democracy that led to the French Revolution, the fall of his empire led to a conflict between rule by strong monarchs and democratic governments

why is Napoleon considered both a hero and a dictator

Napoleon is seen as a hero for stabilizing France, creating the Napoleonic Code, and spreading revolutionary ideals, but as a dictator for centralizing power, suppressing dissent, waging destructive wars, and making himself emperor for life

The Congress of Vienna

When Napoleon was defeated in 1815, European leaders met at ______________ to restore peace and bring stability back to Europe

Balance of Power

One goal was to maintain a __________ in Europe; this was done by creating the Concert of Europe, an alliance among Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Britain to maintain peace and stop future revolutions

Concert of Europe

an alliance among Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Britain to maintain peace and stop future revolutions

What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna after Napoleon’s defeat

To stop future revolutions

Why did European leaders want to restore monarchies

bring stability, prevent revolutionary ideas, and maintain the traditional social order. The Congress of Vienna aimed to legitimize monarchies, ensure a balance of power, and avoid future conflicts.

How did the congress of Vienna redraw the map of Europe

They redrew it in a way so they could balance power and ensure stability

What is the concept of the balance of power and why was it important to the congress

it is a concept of not a single person has to much power it was important to Congress because it prevented a person from become an absolute ruler

How did the congress of Vienna maintain peace in Europe for decades

balancing power, restoring monarchies, and creating the Concert of Europe

Why did some people criticize the Congress of Vienna for ignoring the rights of people to self-government

it prioritized restoring monarchies and redrawing borders without considering national identities. This suppressed growing nationalism and the people's right to choose their own governments.

Creoles

Spanish Colonists living in America were called _____ they had land and wealth but no political power

Peninsulares

_____ were royal governors sent by the king to enforce mercantilism and maintain order in the colony

Simon Bolivar

From 181 to 1824, Venesuelan creole _______ led an army of revolutionaries against Spain. _______ helped create new nations of gran Colombia, Peru, Bolia

Jose de San Martin

Argentine creole _____ led the independence movement in southern South America. _____ helped create new nations of Argentina, Chile, and Peru

Toussaint L’Overture

In 1791, Haitian slaves rose in revolt ________ became the leader of the slave uprising and helped free all the Slavs by 1801

Mercantilism

European nations used _____ to gain wealth from their American colonies

What social and economic inequalities existed in Latin America that led to the revolutions

Social class system negated any political or economic power to natives

how did Enlightenment ideas inspire independence movements in Latin America

Influential ideas of Enlightenment philosophers, such as John Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau, empowered the peoples of Latin America to fight for their own individual rights against tyranny and unfair circumstances

How did the Creoles position in society motivate them to lead the revolution

The creoles through having wealth had no political rights, which drove them to revolt

Why was there tension between Peninsulares and Creoles

The peninsulares had political power while the Creoles despite their wealth had none, Peninsulares were loyal to Spain during Napoleon’s invasion, while Creoles, inspired by Enlightenment ideas and other revolutions, pushed for self-governance.

What role did Simon Bolivar and Jose de San martin Play in the independence movement

Bolivar - led an army of revolutionaries against Spain and Helped create new nations of Gran Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia

San Martin - led the independence movement in southern South America and helped create new nations of Argentina, Chile, and Peru

How did Miguel Hidalgo inspire the Mexican War of Independence with his Grito de Dolores

He used the ideas of the Enlightenment to call for a revolution against spain

Why is the Haitian Revolution considered a turning point in world history

It showed that the slaves could successfully revolt and it sparked fear to every country and place with slaves

What challenges did newly independent Latin American countries face after gaining independence

Many new governments were unstable. In many nations, military dictators called caudillos seized power and made few reforms for citizens. Latin America became dependent on the USA.