Web Dev Exam 1
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96 Terms
Network
structure in which information and services are shared among devices known as Hosts or nodes
Host and or Node
Can be any devise that is capable of sending and/or receiving data electronically
Server
a host that provides information or a service to other devices on the network
Client
a computer or other device that receives a service
Client-server network
Clients access info provided by one or more servers
local area network
a network confined to a small geographic area, such as within a building or department
Wide area network (WAN)
A network that covers a wide area, such as several buildings or cities
Largest WAN in existence?
The internet
Who laid the foundation for the world wide web in 1989
Timothy Berners-Lee
Hypertext
a method of organization in which data sources are interconnected through a series of links and hyperlinks that users can activate to jump from one piece of info to another
Web page
Each document on the web
Where are web pages stored
Web servers
Web Browser
software program where documents on the web are accessed
Hypertext Markup language (HTML)
describes the content and structure of a document by identifying, or tagging, different document elements
World wide web consortium (W3C)
Created a set of standards or specifications for all browser manufacturers to follow
HTML 4.01
Provided support for multimedia, online commerce, and interactive scripts running within the web page
Extensible hypertext markup language (XHTML)
a different version of HTML enforced with a stricter set of standards
HTML5
developed as the de facto standard for the next generation of HTML
What happens to older versions of HTML
they are deprecated or phased out
Integrated development enviornment (IDE)
software providing comprehensive coverage of all phases of the development process from writing HTML code to creating scripts for programs running on web servers
Web content management system (wcms)
provides authoring tools for website content and administration using prepackaged templates
web framework
provides the foundation of the design and deployment of web applications
Validators
programs to test code to ensure it contains no syntax errors
HTML document type declaration
<!DOCTYPE html> OR <!doctype html>
What is an element tag
building block in every HTML doc that marks an element in the document
How do you write a starting element tag
<element>
How do you end an element tag?
</element>
How do you mark a paragraph element
<p> at start, </p> at the end
empty elements
elements that are either nontextual like images or contain directives to the browser about how the page should be treaded
how are empty element tags written
<element /> or <element>
nested elements
elements that contain other elements
what is included in the head?
information about the document
what is included in the body
marks the content that will appear in the web page
which is placed first, the head or body?
the head
what is the element hierarchy?
Doctype, HTML, head, head content, head ender, body, body content, body ender, HTML closer
element attributes
provide additional information to the browser about the purpose of the element
how do you write hidden text in a paragraph
<p hidden> placeholder text </p>
white space character
any empty or blank character such as space, tabs, or a line break
how to set the language of the website
<html lang='“eng”>
metadata
content that describes or provides info about how the document should be processed by the browser
character encoding
how a computer converts text into a sequence of bytes and vice versa when it stores the text and when the text is read
what is the most common character encoding
UTF-8
how to write a comment in HTML
<!— comment—>
sectioning elements
the tag name describes the purpose of the element and the type of content it contains
base
specifies the document’s location for use with resolving relative hypertext links
link
specifies an external resource that the document is connected to
meta
generic list of metadata values such as search keywords, viewport properties, and the file’s character encoding
script
provides programming code for programs to be run within the document
style
defines the display styles used to render the document content
title
stores document’s title or name =, usually displayed in browser title bar
blockquote
contains content that is quoted from another source, often with a citation and often indented on the page
div
contains a generic grouping of elements within the document
dl
marks a description list containing one or more dt elements with each followed by one or more dd elements
dt
contains a single term from a description list
dd
Contains the description or definintion associated with a term from a description list
figure
contains an illustration, photo, diagram, or similar object that is cross-referenced elsewhere in the document
hr
marks thematic break such as a transition into a new topic
main
marks main content of the doc
ol
ordered list of items
ul
unordered list of items
li
a single item from an ordered or unordered list
pre
block of preformatted text in which line breaks and extra spaces in the code are retained
style sheet (CSS)
a set of rules specifying how page elements are displayed, written in cascading style sheet
how to write a stile sheet (the word “file” being in place of the text file
<link href=”file” rel=”stylesheet”/>
character set
collection of characters and symbols rendered by the browser
how to write embedded content
<img src=”file” alt=”text” />
how to change width and height
width=”value” height=”value”
how to write blockquotes
<blockquote> and </blockquote>
browser styles (user agent styles)
styles built into the browser
user-defined styles
defined by a user based on the config settings of the users browser
external styles
styles created by a website author, placed within a CSS file, and linked to the website
embedded styles
added to the head of an HTML doc
inline styles
added as element attributes within an HTML doc and applied to only that particular element
how to write style rules
<style>
style rules
</style>
style inheritance
process in which properties are passed from a parent element to its children
color values
the color is given by an exact numeric representation
RGB and HSL
RGB triplet
intensity of primary colors expressed as a set of numbers
red, green, blue
hexadecimal numbers
a number expressed in the base 16 numbering system
how to set color of text
color: color;
how to set background color
background-color: color;
contextual selector
specifies the context under which a particular page element is matched
how do you make a parent and child element
parent > child
sibling selectors
used to select elements based on elements that are adjacent to them in the document hierarchy
Id selector
identifies specific elements within the document
class
identifies a group of elements that share a similar characteristic or property
how to write a font stack
font-family: font, font, font;
how to write a font-size selector
font-size: size;
absolute units
fixed in size regardless of the output device and are used only with printed media
relative units
expressed relative to the size of other objects within the web page or to the display properties of the device itself
viewport unit
a relative unit used to express length as a percentage if the width and height in the browser window
how to set kerning
letter-spacing: value;
word-spacing: value;
leading
sets the space between lines of text
how to set font-style
font-style: type;
how to write a list marker
list-style-type: type;
box model
enclosed within the content of the element itself with a border surrounding the padding space