Anatomy Lab 11/15/24

Transversospinal muscles

What is this muscle group?

- Semispinalis muscles

- Multifidus

- Rotatores

What makes up the transversospinal muscles?

Semispinalis muscles

What are these?

- Semispinalis thoracis

- Semispinalis cervicis

- Semispinalis capitalis

What makes up the semispinalis muscles? (3)

Semispinalis thoracis

What is this?

Transverse processes of lower 6-10 thoracic vertebrae

What is the origin of the semispinalis thoracis?

Spinous processes of C6-T4

What is the insertion of the semispinalis thoracis?

- Extension/posterior sagittal rotation

- Rotation to opposite side

What are the actions of the semispinalis thoracis? (2)

Posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerve

What is responsible for peripheral innervation of the semispinalis thoracis?

Semispinalis cervicis

What is this?

Transverse processes of upper 5-6 thoracic vertebrae

What is the origin of the semispinalis cervicis?

Spinous processes of C2-5

What is the insertion of the semispinalis cervicis?

Cervical extension

What is the action of the semispinalis cervicis when acting bilaterally?

Rotation to opposite side

What is the action of the semispinalis cervicis when acting unilaterally?

posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerve

What is responsible for the peripheral innervation of the semispinalis cervicis?

Semispinalis capitus

What is the top muscle shown in this picture?

- Transverse process of C7-T7

- Articular processes of C4-6

What are the origins of the semispinalis capitus? (2)

Occipital bone

What is the insertion of the semispinalis capitus?

Extension

What is the action of the semispinalis capitus when acting bilaterally?

Rotation to opposite side

What is the action of the semispinalis capitus when acting unilaterally?

Posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerve

What is responsible for the peripheral innervation of the semispinalis capitus?

Multifidus

What is this?

- Posterior sacrum

- Posterior superior iliac spine

- Posterior sacroiliac ligaments

What are the origins of the multifidus in the sacral region? (3)

Transverse processes of L5 through C4

What is the origin of the multifidus in the cervical, thoracic, and cervical regions?

Spanning 2-4 vertebrae, inserted into spinous process of vertebrae above

What is the insertion of the multifidus?

- Primary stabilizer of L-spine

- Anti-flexion and anti-shear action

- Spine extension

What are the actions of the multifidus? (3)

Rotation to opposite side

What is the action of the multifidus when acting unilaterally?

Posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerves

What is responsible for the peripheral innervation of the multifidus?

Rotatores

What is this?

Transverse processes of vertebrae

What is the origin of the rotatores?

Lamina of vertebra above

What is the insertion of the rotatores?

Extension

What is the action of the rotatores when acting bilaterally?

Rotation to opposite side

What is the actoin of the rotatores when acting unilaterally?

Posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerve

What is responsible for the peripheral innervation of the rotatores?

Interspinales

What is this?

Between spinous processes, in pairs

Where do the interspinales attach?

Extension in cervical spine

What is the action of the interspinales?

Posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerves

What is responsible for the peripheral innervation of the interspinales?

Intertransversarii

What is this?

Between TPs

Where do the intertransversarii attach?

Lateral flexion in cervical

What is the action of the intertransversarii?

Posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerves

What is responsible for the peripheral innervation of the intertransverarii?

Levator costarum

What is this?

Transverse processes of C7-T11

What is the origin of the levator costarum?

External superior ribs between tubercle and angle

What is the insertion of the levator costarum?

Elevates ribs

What is the action of the levator costarum?

Posterior rami of corresponding thoracic spinal nerves

What is responsible for the peripheral innervation of the levator costarum?

T1-12

What is the segmental innervation of the levator costarum?

Quadratus lumborum

What is this?

- Iliac crest

- Iliolumbar ligament

- Occasionally transverse processes of lower 3-4 lumbar vertebrae

What are the origins of the quadratus lumborum? (3)

- Inferior border of rib 12

- Transverse processes of L1-4

What are the insertions of the quadratus lumborum? (2)

- Laterally flexes the lumbar vertebral column

- Assists in extension

- Depresses the last rib

What are the actions of the quadratus lumborum? (3)

Fixes the last two ribs during respiration

What is the action of the quadratus lumborum when it acts bilaterally together with the diaphragm?

Anterior rami

What is responsible for the peripheral innervation of the quadratus lumborum?

T(12), L1-4

What is the segmental innervation of the quadratus lumborum?

Ligamentum nuchae

What is this?

- Upper trapezius

- Serratus posterior superior

- Spinalis cervicis

- Splenius capitis

What muscles attach at the ligamentum nuchae? (4)

Thoracolumbar fascia

What is this?

- Latissimus dorsi

- Lateral internal oblique

- Transverse abdominis

- Longissimus thoracis

What muscles attach at the thoracolumbar fascia? (4)

SIJ ligaments

What are these?

Anterior sacroiliac ligament

What is this?

Posterior sacroiliac ligament

What is this?

Interosseous sacroiliac ligament

What is this?

Iliolumbar ligament

What is this?

Sacrotuberous ligament

What is this?

Sacrospinous ligament

What is this?

Spinal cord

What is this?

L1

Where does the spinal cord end?

Conus medullaris

What is this?

Conus medullaris

Where do nerve roots arise from the spinal cord?

Cervical enlargement

What is this?

Cervical enlargement

What are the anterior rami of the spinal nerves that contribute to the brachial plexus called?

Cauda equina

What is this?

Spinal sensory ganglion

What is this?

Dorsal

Are the sensory ganglion on the dorsal or ventral side?

Spinal nerve

What is this?

Ligamentum flava

What is this?

Interspinous ligament

What is this?

Supraspinous ligament

What is this?

Posterior longitudinal ligament

What is this?

Filum terminale

What is this?

No

Is the filum terminale made of neural tissue?

Spinal dura mater

What is this layer?

Spinal arachnoid mater

What is this layer?

Spinal pia mater

What is this layer?

Denticulate ligaments

What are these?

Pia mater

What spinal layer are the denticulate ligaments projections of?

Subdural space

What is this space?

Subarachnoid space

What is this space?

Subarachnoid space

Where is cerebrospinal fluid located?

Vertebral artery

What is this?

Common carotid artery

What is this?

Internal carotid artery

What is this?

External carotid artery

What is this?

Internal jugular vein

What is this?

Vagus nerve

What is this?

Spinal accessory nerve

What is this?

Phrenic nerve

What is this?

Glossopharyngeal nerve

What is this?

Hypoglossal nerve

What is this?