Protein Synthesis Notes

These flashcards cover the key concepts of protein synthesis including the processes of transcription and translation, the roles of different molecules involved, and their real-life importance.

What is the process of protein synthesis?

The process by which cells use genetic information stored in DNA to build proteins.

What are the two major stages of protein synthesis?

Transcription and Translation.

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

What is the purpose of transcription?

To make a working copy of the DNA instructions that can leave the nucleus.

What is mRNA?

Messenger RNA that carries the genetic message from DNA to the ribosome.

What happens during translation?

The ribosome reads the mRNA code and builds a protein.

What role does tRNA play in protein synthesis?

tRNA brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome based on codon-anticodon matching.

What is the start codon and what amino acid does it encode?

AUG is the start codon that encodes the amino acid methionine.

How are amino acids linked together?

Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds.

What determines the shape and function of a protein?

The sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein.

What can errors in protein synthesis lead to?

Genetic diseases.

Name a field where understanding protein synthesis is crucial.

Genetic engineering, Medicine, Biotechnology, or Forensics.