Med Term Unit 3

What is Kinesiology?

The study of body movement.

What does abduction mean in kinesiology?

Movement away from the midline of the body.

What is adduction?

Movement toward the midline of the body.

Define circumduction.

Movement in a circular motion, with one end of a limb staying still while the other end moves in a circle.

What is rotation in the context of body movement?

Movement around an axis, usually at a joint.

What does flexion refer to?

The action of bending a joint.

What is the definition of extension?

The action that brings the limb straight.

Define hyperflexion.

Excessively bending or flexing a joint.

What is hyperextension?

Abnormal or excessive extension of a joint.

What does lateral flexion refer to?

Bending to one side.

What is dorsiflexion?

Backward bending, usually of the hand or foot.

Define plantar flexion.

Bending of the foot so that the toes point down.

What does eversion mean?

To turn outward, usually referring to the foot.

What is inversion in terms of body movement?

To turn inward, usually referring to the foot.

What does supination mean?

Turning the foot or palm of the hand upward.

What is pronation?

Turning the foot or hand backward, with the palm facing downward.

Define protraction.

Movement anteriorly.

What is retraction?

Movement posteriorly.

What does depression mean?

To lower a body part.

What is elevation in kinesiology?

To raise a body part.

Define excursion.

Side to side movement, particularly related to the jaw.

What does opposition refer to?

Movement of the thumb away from the palm to touch other fingers.

What is the definition of reposition?

Returning the thumb back to anatomical position.

What is an articulation?

A joint.

What are the categories of joints?

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.

Define a fibrous joint.

A non-movable joint with no joint cavity.

What is a cartilaginous joint?

A non-movable joint with no joint cavity.

What is a synovial joint?

A joint that allows the body to move in all types of directions.

What do plane joints allow?

Only small movements, allowing bones to glide past each other.

Give examples of plane joints.

Wrist bones, foot bones, and spinal vertebrae.

What do pivot joints allow?

Rotational movements.

Examples of pivot joints?

Cervical vertebrae in neck and radius and ulna in elbow.

What do hinge joints allow?

Flexion and extension.

Examples of hinge joints?

Knee, elbow, ankle, distal ends of fingers, and toes.

What are condyloid joints?

Joints that allow for movement in two directions at a right angle to each other.

Give examples of condyloid joints.

Knuckles and wrist.

What do saddle joints allow?

Movement in two directions.

Examples of saddle joints?

Thumb meeting hand and between clavicle and sternum.

What do ball and socket joints allow?

Movement in many directions.

Examples of ball and socket joints?

Hip and shoulder.

What does arthritis mean?

Joint inflammation.

What is orthopedics?

Medicine that treats conditions of the musculoskeletal system.

What do physical therapists do?

Help relieve pain and improve movement.

What do occupational therapists do?

Help patients work and function in their environment independently.

Define arthroscopic surgery.

Joint surgery using an instrument.

What is exercise physiology?

A field of science that helps people recover from health conditions using exercise.

What conditions can benefit from exercise physiology?

Heart and pulmonary diseases.