Stereoisomerism in complex ions

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Last updated 12:39 PM on 9/8/26
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6 Terms

1
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What is an optical isomer (enantiomers)

stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

2
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How does cis trans isomerism occur in square planar complexes

  • Four co-ordinate square planar complexes which have no more than two identical ligands attached to the central ion

  • In the cis-isomer the two identical groups are adjacent to each other and the co-ordinate bonds between the ligands is 90o

  • In the trans-isomer the two identical groups are opposite to each other and the co-ordinate bonds between the ligands is 180o


<ul><li><p>Four co-ordinate square planar complexes which have no more than two identical ligands attached to the central ion</p></li><li><p>In the cis-isomer the two identical groups are adjacent to each other and the co-ordinate bonds between the ligands is 90<sup>o</sup></p></li><li><p>In the trans-isomer the two identical groups are opposite to each other and the co-ordinate bonds between the ligands is 180<sup>o</sup></p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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How does cis-trans isomerism occur in octahedral complexes that show unidentate ligands

  • They must have four of one ligand and two of another type to form cis-trans isomerism

  • The two of the same ligand are adjacent in cis with 90o between co-ordinate bonds

  • The two of the same ligand are in opposite corners in trans with 180o between co-ordinate bonds


<ul><li><p>They must have four of one ligand and two of another type to form cis-trans isomerism</p></li><li><p>The two of the same ligand are adjacent in cis with 90<sup>o</sup> between co-ordinate bonds</p></li><li><p>The two of the same ligand are in opposite corners in trans with 180<sup>o</sup> between co-ordinate bonds</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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How do cis-trans isomerism occur in octahedral complex that show bidentate ligands

  • As bidentate ligands occupy 4 positions, the other two positions must be occupied by the same ligand for cis-trans isomerism to take place


<ul><li><p>As bidentate ligands occupy 4 positions, the other two positions must be occupied by the same ligand for cis-trans isomerism to take place</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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How does optical isomerism occur in octahedral complexes

  • Only occurs in octahedral complexes which contain two or more bidentate ligands

  • Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror of each other

  • Can also occur in complexes containing three bidentate ligands


<ul><li><p>Only occurs in octahedral complexes which contain two or more bidentate ligands</p></li><li><p>Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror of each other</p></li><li><p>Can also occur in complexes containing three bidentate ligands </p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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What is cis platin

  • Central metal ion Pt2+

  • [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂] two ligands NH3 and Cl2 monodentate

  • Co ordination number 4 and square planar

  • Used as an anti-cancer drug as can bind effectively to DNA molecule to prevent replication