Mid-Term VIP List

Behavioral psychologist

________ who identified proposed cognitive maps and latent learning, studied rats in a maze.

Cognition

________ and memory; studied repressed memories and false memories; showed how easily memories could be changed and falsely created by techniques such as leading questions and illustrating the inaccuracy in eyewitness testimony.

visual cliff experiment

The "________, showed that depth perception cues are innate.

German physician

Was a(n) ________ from the early 1800's, he (Franz Hall) was the first person to introduce the idea of phrenology (study of bumps on the skull)

Intelligence

________; devised the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (academic problem- solving, practical, and creative)

Wilhem Wundt

father of psychology, formed first psych lab (Germany 1879), started structuralism

E.B. Titchener

helped start structuralism, worked with Wundt

William James

produced first psych book, influenced by Darwin, started functionalism

Sigmund Freud

started psychoanalysis, focused on subconscious and personality

Ivan Pavlov

studied dog's saliva, formed concept of classical conditioning, behaviorism

John Watson

"Little Albert", classical conditioning, behaviorism

B. F. Skinner

formed concept of operant conditioning, skinner box, behaviorism

Abraham Maslow

created heirarchy of human needs, humanism

Carl Rodgers

humanism, people strive for their needs and wants, ideal self-image and worth

G. Stanley Hall

lead founding of APA and becomes its first president, creates first psych lab in America at John-Watkins University

Mary Calkins

first women APA president, studied dreams and self (psychoanalysis)

Margaret Floy Washburn

first female to be awarded a PhD in psychology; 2nd women president of the APA (1921)

Kenneth Clark

first African American APA president, worked on Brown vs BOE

Jean Piaget

made study for cognitive development in children, first to make theory on child development

Charles Darwin

evolution and natural selection, studies became basics of functionalism

Franz Hall

was a German physician from the early 1800's, he was the first person to introduce the idea of phrenology (study of bumps on the skull).

Sir Charles Sherrington

first inferred the existence of synapses

Phineas Gage

railroad worker who survived a severe brain injury that dramatically changed his personality and behavior; case played a role in the development of the understanding of the localization of brain function

James Olds, Peter Milner

carried out research on rats to see what would happen if their pleasure centers were stimulated

Wilder Penfield

stimulated brain with electrical probes while patients underwent surgery for epilepsy, created maps of sensory and motor cortices

Paul Broca

discovered area in the brain (named for him) in the left frontal lobe responsible for language production

Roger Sperry

studied split brain patients; showed that left/right hemispheres have different functions, won Nobel Peace Prize

Carl Wernicke

discovered a brain area responsible for interpreting meaning of language

Roger Sperry, Michael Gazzaniga

researchers who worked with split brain patients to examine hemisphere specialization

Anton Mesmer

an Austrian physician who is credited with hypnosis's modern popularity, he mistakenly thought he discovered an "animal magnetism"

Ernest Hilgard

studies showing that a hypnotic trance includes a "hidden observer" suggesting that there is some subconscious control during hypnosis

David Hubel, Torsten Wiesel

discovered feature detector groups of neurons in the visual cortex that respond to different types of visual images

Eleanor Gibson, Richard Walk

the "visual cliff" experiment, showed that depth perception cues are innate

John Garcia

researched taste aversion, showed that when rats ate a novel substance before being nauseated by a drug or radiation, they developed a conditioned taste aversion for the substance

Albert Bandura

researcher famous for work in observational or social learning including the famous Bobo doll experiment

Edward C. Tolman

behavioral psychologist who identified proposed cognitive maps and latent learning, studied rats in a maze

Herman Ebbinhaus

pioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect, he was also the first person to describe the learning curve

Elizabeth Loftus

cognition and memory; studied repressed memories and false memories; showed how easily memories could be changed and falsely created by techniques such as leading questions and illustrating the inaccuracy in eyewitness testimony

Karl Lashley

found that memory is not stored in just one place of the brain, tested on rats

Wolfgang Kohler

gestalt psychologist that first demonstrated insight through his chimpanzee experiments, he noticed the solution process wasn't slow, but sudden and reflective

Noam Chomsky

theorist who believed that humans have an inborn or "native" propensity to develop language

Benjamin Whorf

language; his hypothesis is that language determines the way we think (linguistic determinism)

Eric Lenneberg

supported Chomsky; advanced the hypothesis of the critical period for language development

Daniel Schater

seven sins of memory

Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman

argue that peoples judgements often rely on heuristics rather than on formal methods of analysis/algorithms

Francis Galton

differential psychology, interested in link between heredity and intelligence; founder of the eugenics movement (later discovered fingerprints)

Alfred Binet

pioneer in intelligence (IQ) tests, designed a test to identify slow learners in need of help-not applicable in the U.S. because it was too culture-bound (French) (tested for mental age)

Lewis Terman

professor at Stanford who revised the Binet test for Americans, the test then became the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test, he is also known for his longitudinal research on gifted kids

William Stern

he invented the concept of an intelligence quotient (IQ)

Charles Spearman

creator of "g-factor", or general intelligence, concept

Howard Gardner

devised theory of multiple intelligences (logical-mathematic, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, linguistic, musical, interpersonal, naturalistic)

Robert Sternberg

intelligence; devised the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (academic problem-solving, practical, and creative)

L. L. Thurstone

seven clusters of primary mental abilities (word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory)

David Wechsler

developer of WAIS and WISC intelligence tests

Daniel Goleman

studied and theorized emotional intelligence