AP US History American Pageant Chapter 23

Ulyssess S. Grant

Former Union General, Republican presidential candidate 1868, supported by freedmen, for peace rather than Republican military Reconstruction, campaigned by waving the bloody shirt: Remind of Civil War to get votes

Tweed Ring

Example of corrupt business in the Gilded Age, headed by "Boss" Tweed, stole much money before being caught in 1871

Credit Mobilier Scandal

Railroad company bribed Congressmen to ignore their corrupt ways, caught

Horace Greeley

Liberal Republican presidential candidate 1872, said he would end military Reconstruction, clean out the corrupt government, lost to Grant's second election, supported by Democrats as well

Panic of 1873

Caused by overindustrializaton, lack of investment in railroads, banks, etc., led to some Americans wanting cash money, but instead it was taken away

Gilded Age

Joke name for the 30 years after the Civil War when dominating political parties shifted a lot, highest ever numbers of voters

Patronage

Policy of giving people federal jobs in exchange for a vote, big in both political parties

Rutherford B. Hayes

Republican presidential candidate 1876

Election of 1876

Hayes(Republican) vs. Tilden(Democrat), Louisiana, FL, and SC send in Republican and Democrat votes to tie the election so the outcome would depend on the counter's party, resolved by the Compromise of 1877 with Hayes winning the election which also resulted in less racial equality under the Republicans

Compromise of 1877

Resolved deadlock election of 1876, gave Hayes(Republican) the presidency in exchange for ending military Reconstruction, no military reconstruction resulted in almost no civil rights in the South

Civil Rights Act of 1865

Made racial discrimination in public and in courts illegal, largely ignored after the end of Reconstruction

Sharecropping

White landowners charged blacks for land to live on and farm on their property, but their wages left them in debt to the white landowners, basically continuation of slavery

Jim Crow

Laws segregating blacks in the South brought in by the Redeemers, literacy tests for voting, etc.

Redeemers

White Southern Democrats who took over in the South after military Reconstruction ended and reinforced old Southern ways, racism, segregationism, etc.

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896, Supreme Court case stating that segregation was ok as long as facilities were "separate but equal" (train cars, bathrooms, schools, etc.), overturned in 1954 by Brown v. Board of Education

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882, almost completely ended Chinese immigration, effective for 60 years

James A. Garfield+Chester A. Arthur

Republican presidential+vice presidential candidates 1880, president was assassinated Sept. 19, 1881 so people in VP's faction could get federal jobs, revived spoils system

Pendleton Act

1883, said that federal employees cannot help with presidential campaigns and established a group to appoint federal jobs to avoid the spoils system, caused candidates to turn to business leaders for campaign money

Grover Cleveland

Democratic presidential candidate 1884, won election, laissez-faire, people should support the government, civil service reform withered under Democratic administration (Pendleton, etc.), planned to either lower high Civil War tariffs or use them for veterans, etc, which industry opposed

Benjamin Harrison

Republican who won presidential election of 1888, he and Thomas B. Reed, the Republican Speaker of the House, raised taxes and used the money to pay Civil War veterans

Populists

Political party for inflation, federally controlled railroads, phones, etc, direct Senator elections, 1-term presidencies, immigration restrictions, frustrated workers/farmers, opposed by Southerners, never had enough votes to win the presidency

Homestead Strike

Populist, steelworkers who were mad about pay cuts, violent, broken up by military

Tom Watson

Recruited black voters to the Populists, Southern opposition of Populism led to even more black vote deprivation in the South

Grandfather Clause

Said blacks in the South could only vote if their ancestors voted in the election of 1860, which deprived blacks of all suffrage since blacks were all slaves in 1860 and none voted

William Jennings Bryan

Democrat who supported silver money, Grant's oppostion to him split the Democratic party