us history test unit 4b market revolution stuff

Market Revolution -

Economic changes where people buy and sell goods rather than make them

Sectionalism

Loyalty to a region rather than the whole country

John Quincy Adams -

6th U.S. president; accused of a “corrupt bargain.”

Factory System - Method of manufacturing using machines and workers in one place.

National Road -

First major U.S. highway, connecting Maryland to Illinois.

Railroads -

Faster transportation that boosted trade and westward expansion.

Telegraph -

Invented by Samuel Morse for instant long-distance communication.

Lowell System -

Factory model hiring young women in textile mills.

Textile Mills

Factories producing cloth, key to industrialization.

Unions -

Worker organizations fighting for better pay and conditions.

Cotton Gin -

Eli Whitney’s invention that sped up cotton processing.

Interchangeable Parts -

Standardized parts making mass production easier.

John Deere -

Invented the steel plow, aiding Midwestern farming.

Cyrus McCormick

- Invented the mechanical reaper, improving grain harvesting

Corporations

-Businesses owned by investors through stocks.

Old Northwest

- Region including Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and more.

Samuel Slater

- Brought British textile manufacturing secrets to America.

Canals

- Man-made waterways boosting trade, like the Erie Canal.

Commonwealth v. Hunt

- Court case legalizing labor unions.

Industrial Revolution

- Shift to machine-based manufacturing and industry.

Common Man

- Idea that government should represent ordinary people.

Universal White Male Suffrage

- Gave all white men the right to vote.

Anti-Masonic Party -

First third party in the U.S., opposing Freemasons.

Workingmen’s Party -

Political group fighting for labor rights.

Spoils System

- Giving government jobs to political supporters.

Rotation in Office -

Replacing government officials regularly.

“King Caucus”

- Early method of selecting presidential candidates.

Party Nomination Convention -

Public meetings to choose political candidates.

Indian Removal Act -

Forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi.

Revolution of 1828 -

Jackson’s election, marking a shift in politics.

Panic of 1837 -

Economic depression caused by bank failures.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia -

Ruled that Cherokees were a dependent nation.

Worcester v. Georgia -

Supreme Court said Georgia couldn’t control Cherokee land.

Trail of Tears -.

Forced Cherokee migration killing thousands

Nicholas Biddle - President of the Second Bank of the U.S.

President of the Second Bank of the U.S.

Roger Taney -

Chief Justice who ruled in Dred Scott case.

“Pet Banks” -

State banks where Jackson put federal money.

Martin Van Buren -

8th U.S. president; struggled with economic crisis.

Henry Clay - .

Senator who promoted the American System

‘Five Civilized Tribes” -

Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole.

“Corrupt Bargain” -

Alleged deal between Adams and Clay in 1824 election.

Tariff of Abominations -

High tariff that angered the South.

Nathaniel Hawthorne -.

Author of The Scarlet Letter

Whigs -

Political party opposing Jackson, favoring a strong government.

Democrats -

Party supporting Jackson, favoring states’ rights.

Washington Irving -

Author of Rip Van Winkle and Sleepy Hollow.

Proclamation of the People of South Carolina -

Jackson’s response to nullification threats.

John C. Calhoun

- Jackson’s VP; supported states’ rights and nullification.

Webster-Hayne Debate -

Senate debate over states’ rights and tariffs.

Nullification Crisis -

South Carolina’s attempt to reject federal tariffs.

States’ Rights -

Belief that states have powers separate from the federal government.

“Kitchen Cabinet” -

Jackson’s informal group of advisors.

Andrew Jackson - 7th U.S. president; known for strong executive power.

7th U.S. president; known for strong executive power.

Effects of Market Revolution -

More factories, urbanization, and economic growth.

Cultural Nationalism -

Pride in American culture and values.

Ralph Waldo Emerson -

Transcendentalist writer promoting individualism.

Shakers -

Religious group known for simple living and celibacy.

George Ripley -

Transcendentalist and founder of Brook Farm commune.

Transcendentalists

- Thinkers who believed in nature and self-reliance.

Henry David Thoreau

- Author of Walden, promoted civil disobedience