🌀〽️Renal system conditions, Renal failure & Treatments

Renal failure

When kidneys lose their ability to filter waste effectively, causing a buildup of toxins in the body. Can be acute (sudden) or chronic (develops over time)

Acute Renal Failure

Sudden loss of kidney function

Chronic Renal Failure

Gradual, progressive loss of kidney function

Symptoms of renal failure

Fatigue, leg swelling, shortness of breath, confusion

Causes of acute renal failure

Severe dehydration, infections, drug toxicity

Causes of chronic renal failure

Diabetes, hypertension, chronic infections

Treatment for renal failure

Dialysis (filters blood), kidney transplant, ACE inhibitors and ARBs to manage BP and reduce kidney damage

Hematuria

Blood in the urine, which may indicate kidney injury or infection. Requires evaluation to find the cause.

Nephritis

Inflammation of the nephron or kidney tissue, usually caused by infection or autoimmune disease

Symptoms of nephritis

Pain, swelling, changes in urine output

Treatment for nephritis

Antibiotics for infection, immunosuppressants for autoimmune causes, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation

Uremia

A buildup of waste products (urine components) in the blood due to kidney failure

Symptoms of uremia

Nausea, fatigue, mental confusion. Requires immediate medical attention

Anuria

Urine output less than 100 mL/day. Can lead to toxemia or septicemia if untreated

Oliguria

Decreased urine output, typically 100–400 mL/day

Pyuria

Presence of pus or bacteria in the urine, often indicates infection (ex : uti)

Dysuria

Pain or difficulty during urination