HISTORY QE

Early Period (3000 BC – 700 BC)

Aegeans, Minoans, and Myceneans were

the only people in Greece.

Hellenic Period

essentially columnar and trabeated in Acropolis which was

Crowned by “Parthenon”. By 16th Century Parthenon was converted into a

Christian church.

Architectural Features of Aegean Architecture

Low pitch or flat roof on multi-storey structure

b. Stairways was developed for vertical circulation

c. Houses termed as “Megaron” and palaces were principal building types.

Megaron Areas

1. Enclosed porch

2. Living apartment or megaron

proper

3. “Thalamus” or sleeping room

4 Methods of walling surface finishes

1. Cyclopean – a masonry made-up of huge stone blocks laid mortar

2. Polygonal – a masonry which is constructed with stones having

polygonal faces.

3. Rectangular – block of stone cut into rectangular shape

4. Inclined blocks – stones with inclined blocks

CHARACTERISTICS OF GREEK ARCHITECTURE

1. Simplicity and Harmony

2. Purity of Lines

3. Perfection of Proportions

4. Refinement of Details

The Winged Victory of Samothrace or The Winged Nike

"the greatest masterpiece of

Hellenistic sculpture"

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES

They use rectangular plan.

2. Temple gateways “propylea”

3. Collonade surrounds the temple.
4. Ceiling were omitted and treated with timber panelled coffers “lacunaria”

5. Walls were made up of stones

6. Marble sculptures completed the building

7. Mural paintings on the walls of temples were highly developed

Optical illusions (corrected by entasis) were corrected from horizontal lines not to appear dropping or sagging from the center, a slight convexoutlines were formed for stylobates, cornices and architraves from the temple “Parthenon”, the samewith the vertical lines for columns.

Propylon or Propylaea

an outer monumental gateway standing before a main gateway (as of a temple)

Gate of Lions, Mycenae

most ancient stone sculpture in Europe

Tholos

a stone-vaulted construction, shaped like an old fashioned beehive.

It consists of a long passage known as “Dromos” leading to a domed

Rock – cut or chamber tomb

– rectangular chamber, cut within the slope hill-side approach by Dromos.

“Temenos”

sacred enclosure, also known as “citadel” or “acropolis” or upper city.

“Civic Square”

square city or market place, the Greek’s political business and economic life.

PARTS OF A GREEK TEMPLE

Epinaos

Naos

Cella

Pronaos

Collonade

Pteroma

Stylobate

Stereobate

Crepidoma

Naos

principal chamber containing the statue of the god or goddess, with porticoes and collonades.

Pronaos

the inner portico in front of naos, or “cella” of the naos

Epinaos or “Opisthodomus”

serves as the treasury chamber.

Propylaea

entrance gateways which marked the approach to the sacred

enclosure of the man cities in Greece.

Theater

an open air structure which consisted of orchestra, auditorium or

cavea out of the slope of a hillside in or near a city.

Theater of Epidauros

the most beautiful example and well preserved building

Theater of Dionysos, Athens

considered to be the prototype of all Greek theater and accommodating almost 18,000 spectators

Public Building

– restoration of Athens, Olympus Delphi and Epidauros gave an idea of the distributions of buildings on this famous sites.

Agora or Town Square

an open air meeting place for the transaction of business and also market place.

Stoa

a long colonnaded building which serves to connect public monuments and for shelter.

Prytaneion

a senate house for the chief dignitaries of the city

Bouleuterion

or council house, covered meeting place of the democratically elected councils

Assembly hall

used used by citizens for general assembly

Odeion

a theater building used mainly by musicians in the presentations

Ex. Odeion of Herodes, Atticus, Athens

Stadium/Stadion

foot race course and also used for other athletic

performances