Lecture_8_Microbial_Ecology_UPDATED

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21 Terms

1
Abiotic Factors
Non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms.
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2
Biotic Factors
Living components of an ecosystem that interact with organisms.
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3
Symbiosis
A close and long-term interaction between two different species.
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4
Mutualism
A symbiotic relationship where both species benefit.
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5
Parasitism
A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another.
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6
Commensalism
A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
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7
Ecosystem Service
The benefits provided by ecosystems that contribute to the well-being of humans.
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8
Biofilm
A group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often to a surface.
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9
Microbial Mats
Thick biofilms composed of diverse communities of microorganisms, often found in aquatic environments.
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10
Species Richness
The total number of different species present in an ecosystem.
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11
Species Abundance
The proportion of each species in an ecosystem.
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12
Niche
The role and position a species has in its environment.
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13
Guild
A group of metabolically related microbial populations.
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14
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
A major marine oil spill that occurred in April 2010, which resulted in significant ecological impacts.
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15
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
A measure of the amount of oxygen that microorganisms will consume while decomposing organic matter.
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16
Phytoplankton
Photosynthetic microorganisms found in aquatic environments, including algae and cyanobacteria.
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17
Stratification
The process by which a body of water forms distinct layers with different temperatures and oxygen levels.
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18
Chemolithotrophy
Metabolism by which microorganisms obtain energy from inorganic compounds.
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19
Oxygenic Phototrophs
Organisms that produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
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20
Anoxygenic Phototrophs
Phototrophic organisms that do not produce oxygen during photosynthesis.
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21
Anthropogenic Effects
Changes to the environment that are caused by human activity.
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