Biology week 1

structure in biology:

The Study of the shape, arrangement and composition of the parts of a living thing

function mean in biology:

Study of the traits, behaviors, and purpose of the parts of a living thing

organism in biology:

An organism is something that carry’s on the activities of life: a living being

the first characteristic of biology:

Living things are made of cells

the 2nd characteristic of biology:

All living things must replicate themselves

the 3rd characteristic of biology:

All living things must store and pass on information

the 4th characteristic of biology:

All living things must acquire and use energy

5th characteristic of biology:

The traits of living things change over time by the process of evolution

two basic structures of a cell:

plasma membrane and the cytoplasm

plasma membrane:

It is a Barrier that protects the cell and controls which substances enter and exit the cell. It protects the cytoplasm

cytoplasm:

An organized aqueous space where the process of life happens

unicellular:

single cell organism

multicellular:

Organisms built from many cells

How do cells replicate themselves?

cells replicate using cell division: one form of this is mitosis

Idea one of cell theory:

All organisms are made of cells

Idea two of cell theory:

All cells replicate from other cells

chromosomes:

Where the information to build all of the structures and perform all of the functions of a cell is stored.

Genes:

The individual pieces of information stored in the chromosomes

what was the first evidence of chromosomes carrying the information to inherit physical traits?

Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1905-1908 doing the fruit fly experiment

Central Dogma:

The flow of genetic information from DNA to mRNA to proten

how does the information in DNA become physical traits?

The information in the gene is copied into mRNA and then the RNA is used to make the cells proteins

metabolism:

The complete set of chemical reactions used in a cell

Anabolism or anabolic reactions:

Use energy to build new chemical bonds and new molecules. Anabolic reactions usually spend stored energy.

catobolism or catabolic reactions:

A chemical reaction that breaks down the chemical bonds of a molecule. They usually release energy.

Anabolism example:

building of sugar molecules during photosynthesis

catobolsim example:

breakdown of sugar into energy driving glycolysis

How the energy released by catobolism is typically stored:

It is temporarily stored in a molecule called ATP

Two ways that genetic change can occur:

Evolution and replication

evolution:

when the information stored in the genes of our chromosomes is inherently unstable and can change over time

descent with modification:

offsprings have different traits then their parents

Theory of evolution:

if traits make offspring better at replication, then the traits will become more common, but if they don’t they will be less common